研究报告
陈少华,罗建军,胡美英,赖开平,耿鹏,肖盈.一株拟除虫菊酯农药降解菌的分离鉴定及其降解特性与途径[J].环境科学学报,2011,31(8):1616-1626
一株拟除虫菊酯农药降解菌的分离鉴定及其降解特性与途径
- Isolation, identification, degradation characteristics and pathway of a pyrethroid- degrading bacterial strain
- 基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目(No.30871660); 广东省科技计划项目(No.2009B020310005)
- 作者
- 单位
- 陈少华
- 天然农药与化学生物学教育部重点实验室,华南农业大学昆虫毒理研究室, 广州 510642
- 罗建军
- 天然农药与化学生物学教育部重点实验室,华南农业大学昆虫毒理研究室, 广州 510642
- 胡美英
- 天然农药与化学生物学教育部重点实验室,华南农业大学昆虫毒理研究室, 广州 510642
- 赖开平
- 天然农药与化学生物学教育部重点实验室,华南农业大学昆虫毒理研究室, 广州 510642
- 耿鹏
- 天然农药与化学生物学教育部重点实验室,华南农业大学昆虫毒理研究室, 广州 510642
- 肖盈
- 天然农药与化学生物学教育部重点实验室,华南农业大学昆虫毒理研究室, 广州 510642
- 摘要：采用富集培养法,从拟除虫菊酯农药厂废水排放口的活性污泥中分离到1株菊酯农药高效降解菌P-01.经形态、生理生化特征及16S rDNA序列分析,初步鉴定其为无色杆菌属(Achromobacter sp.).响应曲面法优化菌株P-01的降解条件,其降解最优条件为31.4 ℃、初始pH 7.6和接种量0.4 g · L-1,在此条件下,该菌株培养7 d对50 mg · L-1溴氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯、高效氟氯氰菊酯和高效氯氟氰菊酯的降解率分别达到98.9%、92.2%、91.0%、85.1%和77.3%,且降解过程满足一级动力学方程模型,降解半衰期(T1/2)分别为1.3、1.8、2.0、2.5和3.0 d.该菌株能以溴氰菊酯为唯一碳源,且高度耐受并快速降解溴氰菊酯,在溴氰菊酯浓度为100~500 mg · L-1时依然保持较高的降解率.降解途径分析结果表明,该菌株通过酯键断裂将溴氰菊酯降解产生α-羟基—3-苯氧基苯乙腈和3-苯氧基苯甲醛,而后进一步氧化分解生成2-羟基—4-甲氧基二苯甲酮和邻苯二甲酸单酯.
- Abstract：A bacterial strain named P-01 was newly isolated by enrichment culture from the activated sludge in the wastewater of a pyrethroid-manufacturer in Zhongshan.Based on the morphology, physio-biochemical characteristics, and 16S rDNA sequence analysis, strain P-01 was temporarily identified as Achromobacter sp.P-01.Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize degradation conditions.The optimal conditions for biodegradation were obtained as follows: 31.4℃, pH 7.6 and inoculum biomass 0.4 g · L-1.Under the optimal degradation conditions, strain P-01 could effectively degrade deltamethrin, fenvalerate, beta-cypermethrin, beta-cyfluthrin and cyhalothrin with degradation rates of 98.9%, 92.2%, 91.0%, 85.1% and 77.3%, respectively, within 7 days of incubation.Strain P-01 not only could utilize deltamethrin as the sole carbon source and energy for growth in mineral salt medium (MSM), but also could tolerate and efficiently degrade high concentrations of deltamethrin (100~500 mg · L-1).Furthermore, the degradation reaction followed first-order kinetics and half lives (T1/2) were 1.3, 1.8, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 d, respectively.Studies on the degradation pathway showed that deltamethrin was degraded by hydrolysis of the carboxylester linkage to yield alpha-hydroxy-3-phenoxy-benzeneacetonitrile and 3-phenoxy benzaldehyde, and then the intermediates were further degraded by oxygenolysis to form 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy benzophenone and 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, mono ester, finally resulting in complete detoxification.
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