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研究报告

基金项目：国家自然科学基金(No.40906053);国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(No.2008ZX07010-009);教育部科学研究重大项目(No.308016)

摘要：将芦竹、芦苇、香蒲3种湿地常见水生植物分别在250、300、400、500、600 ℃下进行热裂解,研究热解所得生物油对中肋骨条藻的抑制作用.结果表明,3种水生植物在不同温度下所得的15种热解生物油对中肋骨条藻生长均表现出一定的抑制作用,且随着生物油浓度的增加,抑制作用呈增强趋势.同种植物热解温度不同,所得热解生物油的抑制效果具有一定差异,芦苇及香蒲400 ℃下热解生物油对中肋骨条藻的半数效应浓度EC₅₀(Median Effect Concentration)分别为0.82、0.85 mg · L^-1,抑藻效果最强.芦竹以300 ℃热解生物油的抑制效果最强,其EC₅₀为1.29 mg · L^-1.不同植物所得热解生物油对中肋骨条藻的抑制能力不同,抑藻活性顺序为芦苇＞香蒲＞芦竹.经GC-MS分析可知,芦竹300℃下热解生物油甲基化后主要成分有苯、苯酚类物质及少量酮类和酯类,其中,2-甲氧基苯酚含量最高,生物油中抑藻活性物质尚需进一步研究.本研究可为湿地植物生物质高价值利用、赤潮藻控制提供科学依据.

Abstract：Three macrophytes, Arundo donax L., Ph. australis Trin. and Typha orientalis Presl were chosen as biomass materials for pyrolysis at 250, 300, 400, 500 and 600 ℃. Bio-oils produced at these temperatures were collected to study their inhibition on the growth of Skeletonema costatum. The results showed that all the bio-oils exhibited inhibition effects on S. costatum, and higher inhibition rates followed the increase of bio-oil concentration. For a given plant, bio-oils obtained from different pyrolysis temperatures showed different inhibitory effects. For P. australis and T. orientalis, the most effective bio-oils were produced at 400 ℃, with EC₅₀ values of 0.82 and 0.85 mg · L^-1 respectively, while for A. donax, bio-oil produced at 300 ℃ had the strongest inhibition rate (EC₅₀, 1.29 mg · L^-1) on S. costatum. Inhibitory effects of different plants were in the order of P. australis＞T. orientalis＞A. donax. The 300℃ pyrolysis bio-oil of A. donax was then methylated and analyzed by GC-MS. The GC-MS results showed that benzene and phenolic compounds were the main components, and the most abundant substance was 2-methoxyphenol. The active substance in bio-oil still needs further study. This research could provide a scientific basis for high-value utilization of macrophytes and a potential method for harmful algae control.