• 关键词：猪粪  高温堆肥  碳氮转化  堆肥周期

• 基金项目：陕西省社会发展科技攻关项目(No.2010K11-02-09)

• 姜继韶
• 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室,杨凌 712100

• 黄懿梅
• 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室,杨凌 712100

• 黄华
• 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室,杨凌 712100

• 刘学玲
• 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室,杨凌 712100

• 摘要：将猪粪与秸秆以7 ∶ 1(质量比,以鲜重计)的比例, 在自制的强制通风静态堆肥反应箱中进行高温堆肥试验, 研究了堆肥过程中碳氮转化特征及其腐熟时间.同时,在堆制的23 d中, 根据堆温变化采样6次, 分析了堆肥样品中各种氮素和碳素含量及其它性质的变化情况. 结果表明:堆肥结束时, 硝态氮含量增加了103.0%, 铵态氮、有机氮、总氮含量分别降低了74.1%、4.0%、14.4%, 氮素损失量为40.2%, 0~4 d的损失量占总损失量的49%; 腐殖质增加了2.4%, 水溶性碳和有机碳含量分别降低了35.5%和10.0%, 碳素损失量为38.2%, 13~17 d的损失量占总损失量的38.5%.至堆肥结束, 种子发芽指数(GI)、NH₄⁺-N/TN分别为87.1%、5.10%,腐殖化度 (HR)基本稳定, 堆温也趋于稳定, 初步确定一次发酵周期为23 d. 为了更好地保存养分, 建议在堆肥的稳定期仍应进行合理的通风和翻堆.

• Abstract：An experiment was conducted to study the C and N dynamics and stabilization time of a swine manure-straw compost. Fresh swine manure and wheat straw were mixed at a 7 ∶ 1 ratio and then composted in a self-built, static forced-air composting box (90 L). The outer wall of the box was insulated with 8cm plastic foam. Temperature was monitored every day and compost samples were taken 0, 4, 8, 12, 17, and 23 d after the start of the experiment. Ammonium (NH₄⁺-N), nitrate (NO₃^--N), organic N (Org-N), water-soluble organic C, organic C, and humic acid concentrations in the compost were determined. The effect of compost on seed germination was also tested. The compost temperature increased very quickly, reached 60.1 ℃ on day 2 of the study. Temperatures remained high (>55 ℃) for the next nine days. After 23d, the NH₄⁺-N concentration in the compost had declined by 74.1%, the Org-N concentration had declined by 4%, and the total N concentration had declined by 14.4%. In contrast, the NO₃^--N concentration increased by 103%. On a mass basis, 40.2% of original amount of N was lost during composting, 49% of that N was lost during the first 4d of composting. Humic acid concentration increased by 2.4% during composting, whereas the organic C and water-soluble organic C concentrations decreased by 10% and 35.5% respectively. On a mass basis, 38.2% of the original C was lost during composting, 38.5% of that C was lost between days 13 and 17. After 23 d, the seed germination index (GI) was 87.1%, the NH₄⁺-N-to-total N ratio was 5.1%, and the humification ratio (HR) was stable, indicating that the compost had stabilized. It was suggested that proper ventilation and pile-turning at the stable stage could reduce the loss of nutrients from the compost.

• Key words：swine manure  aerobic composting  C and N dynamics  stabilization time

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