• 关键词：云贵高原  滇池  洱海  抚仙湖  富营养化  演变

• 基金项目：国家水专项洱海项目课题五(No.2008ZX07105-005);国家自然科学基金(No.40873079)

• 倪兆奎
• 中国环境科学研究院湖泊创新基地/国家环境保护湖泊污染控制重点实验室,北京 100012

• 王圣瑞
• 中国环境科学研究院湖泊创新基地/国家环境保护湖泊污染控制重点实验室,北京 100012

• 金相灿
• 中国环境科学研究院湖泊创新基地/国家环境保护湖泊污染控制重点实验室,北京 100012

• 焦立新
• 中国环境科学研究院湖泊创新基地/国家环境保护湖泊污染控制重点实验室,北京 100012

• 李跃进
• 内蒙古农业大学生态环境学院,呼和浩特 010019

• 摘要：选取滇池、洱海和抚仙湖3个云贵高原不同营养水平的湖泊,通过对其不同发展阶段的植物群落结构、水质类别、营养水平及流域人口和经济活动等进行研究,总结了云贵高原湖泊发展演化过程中的特征及差异性.结果表明:滇池、洱海和抚仙湖的植物群落结构、水质类别和营养状态均耦合良好,流域人口和经济活动是湖泊富营养化的重要影响因素.流域人口和经济的每一次飞跃,均会导致湖泊水质类别和营养水平明显升高.云贵高原不同类型湖泊的发展过程存在明显的差异性,不仅受控于营养盐的输入,同时也受到湖泊自身特点的影响.滇池是浅水湖泊,其富营养过程与长江中下游浅水湖泊的富营养发生过程基本一致;中等水深湖泊——洱海,其水位变化直接影响了沉水植物的存活,沉水植物的退化和消失与湖泊水质的下降和营养状态的上升关系密切;深水湖泊——抚仙湖,由于水深和基质的影响,大型水生植物很难生长,湖泊水质的下降与藻类数量的增长呈现较好的正向关系.云贵高原湖泊富营养化序列相似,但时间不同步.20世纪70年代是滇池进入中营养水平的关键年代,80年代末是滇池进入富营养化的关键时期;同时,20世纪80年代末也是洱海进入中营养水平的关键转型年代,90年代末期是洱海进入富营养化的加速阶段,同时也是抚仙湖水质下降的加速时期.

• Abstract：Dianchi, Erhai and Fuxian are three typical lakes which have different nutritional status on Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. The community structures, water quality and nutritional status, population and economic activity at different stages of development were analyzed to study the changing character of the Yunnan-Guizhou plateau. Our results show that plant community structures, water quality classes and nutritional status were coupled well in the three lakes. Population and economic activity were the important factors in the lake eutrophication process. Every increase in population and the level of economic activity led to an increase in nutritional status. Different types of lakes have obvious differences in the development processes. It not only controlled by the input of nutrients, but also by its own characteristics of the lake. The eutrophication process of the shallow Dianchi Lake was the same as the shallow lakes in Yangtze River Valley. The change in water levels in Erhai, a medium-depth lake, had direct impact on the survival of submersed aquatic plants. The degradation and disappearance of submerged plants was positively correlated to the eutrophication of the lake. The large aquatic plants in Fuxian, the deep lake, were badly affected by the extent of eutrophication. The greater the growth of algae was, the greater the decline in water quality. The eutrophication of the three lakes occurred over different time periods. The key nutrient level age of Dianchi Lake was in the 70s, and the late 80s was a critical period. Late 80s was the key to enter the nutrition transition age of Erhai Lake, and the acceleration phase of eutrophication occurred in late 90s. The water quality in Fuxian Lake decreased quickly in the late 90s.

• Key words：Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau  Dianchi Lake  Erhai Lake  Fuxian Lake  eutrophication  evolution

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