• 关键词：河流  水化学特征  温榆河  盐渍化

• 基金项目：国家科技重大专项"水体污染控制与治理"(No.2009ZX07209-005)

• 于淼
• 1. 中国科学院生态环境研究中心, 北京 100085;
  2. 中国人民大学环境学院, 北京 100872

• 魏源送
• 中国科学院生态环境研究中心, 北京 100085

• 郑祥
• 中国人民大学环境学院, 北京 100872

• 王亚炜
• 中国科学院生态环境研究中心, 北京 100085

• 钟佳
• 中国科学院生态环境研究中心, 北京 100085

• 杨勇
• 1. 中国科学院生态环境研究中心, 北京 100085;
  2. 中国人民大学环境学院, 北京 100872

• 肖庆聪
• 1. 中国科学院生态环境研究中心, 北京 100085;
  2. 中国人民大学环境学院, 北京 100872

• 郁达伟
• 1. 中国科学院生态环境研究中心, 北京 100085;
  2. 中国人民大学环境学院, 北京 100872

• 摘要：通过对1980—2006年温榆河主要离子浓度和比例及北京市社会经济发展的综合分析,探讨了温榆河水化学特征的演变及其影响因素.结果表明,温榆河河水呈盐渍化趋势,其中1991—2006年温榆河水的Na⁺、Cl^-、SO₄^2-及TDS浓度显著上升,而HCO₃^-浓度保持稳定,总溶解性固体(TDS)浓度多年平均值为678.0 mg·L^-1,略高于1970年代北运河土门楼站TDS的661.4 mg·L^-1.温榆河水化学类型为重碳酸盐钙、镁、钠型,自然因素中主要受岩石风化和蒸发作用的控制.与岩石风化及蒸发作用等自然因素相比,农田排涝和城市退水等人为因素在温榆河1980—2006年水化学特征演变过程中具有更为显著的影响,并且K⁺、Cl^-、SO₄^2-和Ca²⁺受人类活动影响较大.Pearson相关分析结果表明,北京市社会经济发展对温榆河河水中K⁺、Cl^-、Ca²⁺和SO₄^2-的浓度变化影响显著,其中K⁺与人口密度、人均GDP、钾肥施用量和道路面积之间呈显著性正相关(r>0.7,p<0.01),与耕地面积、粮食播种面积、灌溉面积、农业用水呈极显著性负相关(r <-0.7,p<0.01);Ca²⁺和SO₄^2-与城市化率和煤炭使用率均呈显著性正相关(r>0.49,p<0.05).该研究结果可为今后北京市合理开发利用温榆河水资源和建设温榆河绿色生态走廊提供科学依据.

• Abstract：This study summarized the hydro-chemical evolution characteristics of Wenyu River during 1980—2006, and its natural and anthropogenic factors on the basis of water quality data and the socioeconomic development in Beijing in order to support integrated watershed management of Wenyu River in the near future. Results showed that a trend of salinization was observed in Wenyu River, and concentrations of Na⁺、Cl^-、SO₄^2- and TDS of Wenyu River increased significantly while that of HCO₃^- remained stable. The average concentration of total dissolved solids (TDS) of Wenyu River during 1991—2006 was as high as 678.0 mg·L^-1, a bit higher than that of Tumenlou Station of Beiyun River. The hydro-chemical type of Wenyu River was as Calcium bicarbonate, Magnesium bicarbonate and Sodium bicarbonate, and mainly dominated by chemical weathering of sedimentary rocks and evaporation among natural factors. Compared with these two natural factors, anthropogenic factors such as effluents of municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and agricultural runoff played more important roles in the evolution of hydro-chemical characteristics of Wenyu River. Results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that socioeconomic development of Beijing had great impacts on the variation of K⁺, Cl^-, SO₄^2- and Ca²⁺ concentrations of Wenyu River in 1980—2006. The variation of K⁺ concentration was not only significantly correlated with per capita density, GDP per capita, the amount of potassium fertilizer and the area of road (r>0.7,p<0.01), but also negatively correlated with the area of arable land, sown area of grain, area of irrigation, and the use of agricultural water (r <-0.7,p<0.01). The variations of Ca²⁺ and SO₄^2- concentrations were positively correlated with urbanization and coal utilization rates.

• Key words：river  hydro-chemical characteristics  Wenyu River  salinization

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