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特别选题：温榆河生态治理

杨勇,魏源送,郑祥,王亚炜,于淼,肖庆聪,郁达伟,孙翀,杨烨,高丽娟,白羽,陈尔凝.北京温榆河流域微生物污染调查研究[J].环境科学学报,2012,32(1):9-18

基金项目：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大项目(No.2009ZX07209-005);北京科技新星(No.2008A110);中国人民大学科学研究基金(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助)项目

摘要：随着工业化和城市化进程的加快,我国河流普遍受到了不同程度的水质污染,而微生物指标对于水质评价具有重要作用.本研究选取细菌总数、总大肠菌群、粪大肠菌群以及SC噬菌体、F噬菌体作为指示微生物对北京市温榆河开展了历时一年多的调查研究,结果表明,除了有机污染和富营养化问题外,温榆河流域的微生物污染非常突出.温榆河上游已经受到了一定程度的微生物污染,微生物浓度(以粪大肠菌群为例)波动较大(5.01×10²~5.37×10⁶个·L^-1);下游受清河、坝河等排水河道的影响,微生物污染普遍严重(均值达6.3×10⁶个·L^-1以上),与地表水Ⅴ类水质标准(GB 3838—2002)相比FC浓度平均超出两个数量级.统计分析显示,温榆河微生物污染受季节的影响并不显著(p>0.05),表明人为因素很可能是其主要影响因素.温榆河处于微生物高污染水平,可能威胁地下水水质和农作物质量安全,应从源头加强微生物风险控制.

Abstract：Along with industrialization and urbanization, rivers in China have been widely polluted. Microbial indicators generally play an important role in water quality assessment. Total number of bacteria, total coliforms, fecal coliforms, and somatic coliphages and F phages were chosen as indicative microorganisms in this study for assessing water quality of Wenyu River in Beijing. Results of the survey for more than one year showed that microbial contamination in Wenyu River was rather serious, with significant organic pollution and eutrophication. The upstream of Wenyu River, with water quality fluctuating sharply, suffered from microbial contamination. Different from the upstream, the microbial pollution in the downstream of Wenyu River was also serious which was mainly affected by the branches such as Qing River and Ba River. The average levels of its microbial indicators were twice order of magnitude higher than Grade V of the surface water quality standard (GB 3838—2002) of China. Statistic analysis showed that the microbial contamination of Wenyu River was not significantly influenced by seasonal factors (p> 0.05), which implied anthropogenic factors were the main causes. Compared with other rivers in China and abroad, microbial contamination of Wenyu River was more serious, which may pose potential threats to the groundwater and crops, thus it was necessary to pay more attention to the prevention and control of microbial risk in the river.