• 关键词：滇池流域  蔬菜  玉米套作  地表径流污染  流失

• 基金项目：国家重大科技水专项滇池项目第四课题(No.2009ZX07102-004)

• 湛方栋
• 云南农业大学资源与环境学院,昆明 650201

• 傅志兴
• 云南农业大学资源与环境学院,昆明 650201

• 杨静
• 云南农业大学资源与环境学院,昆明 650201

• 陈建军
• 云南农业大学资源与环境学院,昆明 650201

• 安瞳昕
• 云南农业大学农学与生物技术学院,昆明 650201

• 祖艳群
• 云南农业大学资源与环境学院,昆明 650201

• 李元
• 云南农业大学资源与环境学院,昆明 650201

• 摘要：采用田间小区试验,在自然降雨条件下,对滇池流域蔬菜(豌豆、西葫芦、马铃薯)单作与玉米套作蔬菜两种种植模式下农田地表径流的产生量与径流污染(TN、TP、COD、SS)的浓度进行了分析研究.结果表明:蔬菜单作和玉米套作蔬菜种植模式下地表径流量分别为94.7~128.9 m³·hm^-2和52.6~76.4 m³·hm^-2.蔬菜单作种植模式下地表径流中TN、TP、COD和SS浓度分别为10.6~35.8、0.79~3.23、54.6~224.1和35.0~478.3 mg·L^-1,流失量分别为1.74~2.39、0.18~0.26、7.71~10.59和10.4~21.7 kg·hm^-2;地表径流TP流失量以马铃薯单作模式最大,其余径流污染流失量以豌豆单作种植模式最大.玉米与蔬菜套作种植模式下地表径流中TN、TP、COD和SS浓度分别为11.7~23.8、0.23~3.54、26.5~222.1和49.7~541.3 mg·L^-1,流失量分别为0.82~1.22、0.10~0.16、4.17~6.03和8.71~12.6 kg·hm^-2;地表径流污染流失量均以玉米套作西葫芦种植模式最小.玉米套作蔬菜种植模式显著减少蔬菜农田地表径流量和径流污染流失,对地表径流量、地表径流TN、TP、COD和SS流失量的最大削减率分别为44.5%、53.1%、46.4%、52.1%和42.2%.

• Abstract：The field plot experiments were conducted under natural rainfall condition to study the surface runoff and loss of TN, TP, COD and SS from vegetable mono-cropping and vegetable with maize intercropping fields in Dianchi watershed. The results showed that: 1The surface runoff from mono-cropping and intercropping fields was 94.7~128.9 and 52.6~76.4 m³·hm^-2, respectively; 2The concentration of TN, TP, COD and SS in the surface runoff from mono-cropping fields was 10.6~35.8, 0.79~3.23, 54.6~224.1 and 35.0~478.3 mg·L^-1, and the loss of TN, TP, COD and SS was 1.74~2.39, 0.18~0.26, 7.71~10.59 and 10.4~21.7 kg·hm^-2, respectively. The highest TP loss of surface runoff occurred under potato mono-cropping, while most TN, COD and SS were lost under pea mono-cropping; 3The concentration of TN, TP, COD and SS in the surface runoff from intercropping fields was 11.7~23.8, 0.23~3.54, 26.5~222.1 and 49.7~541.3 mg·L^-1, and the loss of TN, TP, COD and SS was 0.82~1.22, 0.10~0.16, 4.17~6.03 and 8.71~12.6 kg·hm^-2, respectively. The least TN, TP, COD and SS loss of surface runoff occurred under maize and pumpkin intercropping; and4The significant reduction of surface runoff and nutrient loss was recorded under maize and vegetables intercropping. The most reduction of surface runoff, TN, TP, COD and SS loss was 44.5%, 53.1%, 46.4%, 52.1% and 42.2%, respectively.

• Key words：Dianchi watershed  vegetables  maize intercropping  surface runoff pollution  loss

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