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研究论文

Patterns of PAHs concentrations and components in surface soils of main areas in China

摘要：关于我国表层土壤多环芳烃的含量、组成及来源分析的报道很多,但大部分都是针对某一地点或地区的研究,关于我国主要地区总体分布情况的研究很少.为全面了解我国表层土壤中多环芳烃组成及含量特征,本文基于文献报道结果,较系统地分析了全国土壤多环芳烃的总体污染状况及规律.对140组数据进行分析的结果表明:我国表层土壤∑PAHs的含量中位值为580 μg·kg^-1.从PAHs的组成来看,4~6环PAHs的相对比例较高,占68.53%.我国表层土壤中∑PAHs平均含量的分布趋势为东北>华北>华东>华南>华中,东北地区表层土壤中∑PAHs的含量显著高于除华北地区以外的其它3个地区(p<0.05).东北地区土壤中∑PAHs的含量约是华中地区的6倍.造成这种差异的原因可能和气候条件的地理性差异以及产业结构的区域性分布有关.不同的污染源类型对土壤中PAHs的含量影响很大,点源污染表层土壤多环芳烃的含量显著高于面源污染的土壤(p<0.01),面源与点源污染表层土壤中∑PAHs的平均含量分别为317.3 μg·kg^-1和1812.95 μg·kg^-1.上述研究结果可为全国和区域土壤环境质量评价以及土壤环境质量标准制修订提供参考.

Abstract：Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons pollution in China has drawn much concern, and many studies have been conducted to investigate their occurrences, distribution patterns, components and sources in surface soils. Most of these studies, however, were carried out in a specific site, with little information available on a holistic distribution of PAHs in surface soils in China. In this study, the characteristics of pollution status and components of PAHs in surface soils in China were reviewed. Statistical analysis on a total of 140 datasets showed that the median value of ∑PAHs contents was 580 μg·kg^-1. Among individual PAHs, those with 4~6 rings were dominant, accounting for 68.53% of the total PAHs. Geographical distribution of ∑PAHs concentrations followed the order of Northeast China > North China > East China > South China > Central China. The concentrations of ∑PAHs in surface soil of Northeast China were significantly higher than those of other regions except for North China (p<0.05). Climate and industrial structure factors contributed to such large differences. Results also indicated that ∑PAHs from soils contaminated by point sources (1812.95 μg·kg^-1) were significantly higher than that those contaminated by non-point sources (317.3 μg·kg^-1) (p<0.01). This study provides references on the environmental quality assessment of national and regional soils, and on the establishment and amendment of environmental quality standards for soils.