• 关键词：粤港地区  灰霾天气  细粒子污染  黑碳  能见度恶化

• 基金项目：国家自然科学基金(No.40418008);香港资助局项目(No.N_HKUST630/04)

• 吴兑
• 中国气象局广州热带海洋气象研究所,广州 510080

• 刘啟汉
• 香港科技大学环境研究所,香港九龙,清水湾

• 梁延刚
• 香港天文台,香港九龙,尖沙咀

• 毕雪岩
• 中国气象局广州热带海洋气象研究所,广州 510080

• 李菲
• 中国气象局广州热带海洋气象研究所,广州 510080

• 谭浩波
• 中国气象局广州热带海洋气象研究所,广州 510080

• 廖碧婷
• 中国气象局广州热带海洋气象研究所,广州 510080

• 陈慧忠
• 中国气象局广州热带海洋气象研究所,广州 510080

• 摘要：为了研究珠三角地区细粒子气溶胶的环境效应,使用粤港地区长期气象资料和珠三角大气成分站网高分辨率资料,结合卫星遥感AOD结果,分析了珠三角地区由于细粒子(PM_2.5)污染导致能见度下降与形成灰霾天气的长期变化趋势.结果表明,近年来珠江三角洲地区的气溶胶污染日趋严重,气溶胶云一年四季都可以出现,且长期稳定存在,重污染区位于珠江口以西的珠江三角洲西侧.灰霾天气主要出现在10月至次年4月.灰霾导致能见度恶化.自20世纪80年代初开始,该地区的能见度急剧恶化,灰霾天气显著增加,其中有3次大的波动,分别代表珠江三角洲经济发展相伴随的粗颗粒气溶胶污染、硫酸盐+粗颗粒气溶胶污染、光化学过程的细粒子+硫酸盐和粗颗粒气溶胶的复合污染时期.雾和轻雾造成的低能见度的长期变化趋势,没有由于人类活动影响或经济发展影响带来趋势性变化,其波动主要反映了气候波动固有的年际和年代际变化.珠江三角洲能见度的恶化主要与细粒子关系比较大,PM₁₀有一半年份的年均值超过国家二级标准的年均值限值(70 μg·m^-3),而PM_2.5年均值全部年份都超过国家二级标准的年均值限值(35 μg·m^-3),尤其是有些年份的年均值浓度超过标准限值的2倍,细粒子浓度甚高.另外,近年PM_2.5占PM₁₀的比重非常高,可达51%~79%,黑碳气溶胶浓度非常高,月均值达到5.0~9.1 μg·m^-3.和20余年前的资料相比较,细粒子在气溶胶中的比重有明显增加.因而在目前粤港地区的气溶胶污染中,主要是细粒子的污染,尤其是黑碳气溶胶污染严重.

• Abstract：In order to investigate the environmental effects of fine particulate aerosols(PM_2.5)in the Pearl River Delta (PRD), long-term meteorological data and high-resolution of atmospheric composition observations in the PRD and Hong Kong, as well as satellite-based Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) data, were used to analyze the long-term variation trends of PM_2.5-induced haze weather formation and visibility deterioration. The results indicated that the pollution of aerosols worsened over the PRD in recent years. The cloud of aerosol occurred all year round, with an area of heavy pollution located in the western side of the Pearl River Estuary. The haze weather mainly occurred from October to next April, resulting in visibility deterioration. Since the beginning of the 1980s, the frequency of hazy weather obviously increased and visibility dramatically deteriorated over the PRD. There were three major visibility deterioration fluctuations accompanied with the development of economy, arising from dust pollution, the sulphate and dust pollution, and the dust, sulphate, and automobile exhaust pollution caused by photochemical process, respectively. There was no indication that the long-term tendency of fog and light fog days was affected by human activities or economical development, and its fluctuation was governed by the intrinsically inter-annual and inter-decadal variations of climate. The deterioration of visibility was strongly associated with fine particle pollutions over the PRD. Half of monthly mean PM₁₀ observations exceeded the mean critical value of national second graded standard (70 μg·m^-3), and all of mean PM_2.5 values exceeded the mean critical value of U.S. national standard (35 μg·m^-3). Some mean values of PM_2.5 almost reached twice the standard value, indicating high fine particle concentrations. The ratio of PM_2.5 to PM₁₀ was also very high about 51%~79%. Monthly mean black carbon aerosol concentration was up to 5.0~9.1 μg·m^-3. Therefore, the current aerosol pollution over the Guangdong and Hong Kong is featured by significant fine particle pollution, in particular the black carbon pollution. Compared to observations data 20 years ago, the ratio of fine particles has obviously increased.

• Key words：Guangdong and Hong Kong  hazy weather  fine particle pollution  black carbon  visibility deterioration

• 
  摘要点击次数： 3971 全文下载次数： 6207