研究报告
戴斯迪,马克明,宝乐,张田,张地.北京城区公园及其邻近道路国槐叶面尘分布与重金属污染特征[J].环境科学学报,2013,33(1):154-162
北京城区公园及其邻近道路国槐叶面尘分布与重金属污染特征
- Distribution of particle matters and contamination of heavy metals in the foliar dust of Sophora japonica in parks and their neighboring roads in Beijing
- 基金项目：国家科技支撑计划项目(No.2007BAC28B01);城市与区域生态国家重点实验室自主项目
- 作者
- 单位
- 戴斯迪
- 中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京 100085
- 马克明
- 中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京 100085
- 宝乐
- 中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京 100085
- 张田
- 北京林业大学林学院,北京 100083
- 张地
- 中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京 100085
- 摘要：叶面尘可以反映一段时间、一定区域内空气颗粒物的污染状况.为了探究城市公园环境和道路环境的空气颗粒物污染差异,同时采集了北京市12座公园及邻近道路的国槐(Sophora japonica)叶面尘,对比分析其滞尘量、粒径分布、重金属含量的差异,并探讨了重金属的可能来源.结果表明:行道树国槐滞尘量显著高于公园国槐(p=0.041),但后者富集了更多粒径范围在2～20 μm之间的颗粒物.叶面尘中的重金属污染程度表现为Cu>Pb>Zn>Cr>Ni>Mn,其中,Cu、Pb和Zn达到中度污染水平,公园国槐叶面尘重金属元素的含量一般高于行道树国槐.公园国槐叶面尘重金属主要来源于交通排放,其次来自土壤母质,小部分来自工业排放和化石燃料燃烧排放等;行道树国槐叶面尘重金属最重要的来源是交通排放,其次是非特定源(工业排放、化石燃料燃烧排放、地面灰尘的二次扬尘及土壤母质等).本文的研究结果表明,严格控制交通排放是缓解北京城市灰尘污染的重要途径.
- Abstract：Foliar dust is a good indicator for airborne particle pollution in a certain area for a period of time. In this study, twelve parks and their neighboring roads in Beijing were surveyed to compare the airborne particle pollution between parks and roadside environments. The dust retention, particle size distribution, and heavy metal concentration of foliar dusts of Sophora japonica were measured, and the possible pollution sources of heavy metals were identified. The results showed that the foliar dust retention of roadside trees was significantly higher than that of park trees (p=0.041), although the latter contained more particles with the size of 2～20 μm. The levels of heavy metal pollution in foliar dusts decreased in the order of Cu>Pb>Zn>Cr>Ni>Mn, with Cu, Pb and Zn reached the moderate level of pollution. The concentrations of heavy metals in foliar dust on park trees were generally higher than that of roadside trees. The heavy metals of foliar dust on park trees were mainly from traffic emission, secondly from soil parent materials, and a minor part from industrial emission and fuel combustion. Traffic emissions made the greatest contribution to the roadside foliar dust, followed by non-specific sources (included industrial emission, fuel combustion, secondary fugitive dust and soil parent materials). This study implies that traffic emission has become the major source of foliar dust and heavy metal pollution in Beijing urban areas, and corresponding measures should be adopted for the pollution control.
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