• 关键词：世博园区  人工湿地  底栖无脊椎动物  群落结构  物种多样性  水质生物学评价

• 基金项目：上海市科委重大项目(No.08dz1900408);上海高校选拔培养优秀青年教师科研专项基金项目(No.ssc05002);上海市重点学科建设项目(No.Y1101)

• 胡忠军
• 上海海洋大学农业部水产种质资源与利用重点开放实验室,上海 201306

• 王思卿
• 上海海洋大学农业部水产种质资源与利用重点开放实验室,上海 201306

• 张饮江
• 上海海洋大学农业部水产种质资源与利用重点开放实验室,上海 201306

• 张颖
• 上海海洋大学农业部水产种质资源与利用重点开放实验室,上海 201306

• 刘其根
• 上海海洋大学农业部水产种质资源与利用重点开放实验室,上海 201306

• 查玉婷
• 上海海洋大学农业部水产种质资源与利用重点开放实验室,上海 201306

• 摘要：2009年9月—2011年1月对上海世博园后滩湿地底栖动物群落进行了调查.结果发现,在后滩湿地共采集到53个物种,隶属4门,8纲.节肢动物门物种数最多为32种,占60.4%.底栖动物密度为(256.7±37.9) ind·m^-2,生物量为(15.2±3.5) g·m^-2.聚类分析表明,后滩湿地存在两类底栖动物群落:纹沼螺群落(未受投螺影响的群落,群落Ⅰ)和铜锈环棱螺群落(受投螺影响的群落,群落Ⅱ).双因素方差分析表明,群落Ⅱ的生物量显著高于群落Ⅰ,密度、多样性指数在群落类型间均无显著差异.对未受投螺影响水域的底栖动物而言,前后期群落优势类群均为软体动物,优势种为纹沼螺,但后期软体动物优势度(重要值)较前期下降28.6%,节肢动物优势度急剧增加260.0%,仅低于软体动物;后期群落的密度、物种数(S)、香农-威纳多样性指数(H')、Margalef丰富度指数(R)及Pielou均匀度指数(J)较前期均有不同程度的增加,生物量及Simpson优势度指数(λ)前期高于后期,但除J外其它指标在两者间均无显著差异;Jaccard指数指示前后期群落极不相似.5种生物指数中,Carlander生物量指数、Hilsenhoff生物指数(BI)、H'与营养状态指数的水质评价结果最为接近,4个指标显示后滩湿地水质处于轻-中污染水平或中-富营养状态.

• Abstract：The characteristics of macrozoobenthic community in Backshore wetland of Expo Park, Shanghai was studied from September 2009 to January 2011. A total of 53 species belonging to 4 phylums and 8 classes were collected. Arthropod, with 32 species, was most abundant in species number among the four phylums. The average density and biomass of zoobenthic community were (256.7±37.9) ind·m^-2 and (15.2±3.5) g·m^-2, respectively. According to cluster analysis (CA), there were two zoobenthic community types: Parafossarulus striatulus community (community I) uninfluenced by throw-in of Bellamya aeruginosa (TIBA), and B. aeruginosa community (community II) affected by TIBA. Two-way ANOVA revealed that biomass of community II was significantly larger than community I, but the density and diversity indices didn't differ between the two communities. For water areas uninfluenced by TIBA, Mollusca was the dominant group and P. Striatulus was the dominant species at both the earlier and later stages (ES and LS). However, at LS, the dominance (importance value) of P. striatulus decreased by 28.6% compared with the ES, and the dominance of Arthropoda increased by 260.0%, closely following the dominance of Mollusca. The density, species number (S), Shannon-Wiener species diversity (H'), species richness (R) and evenness (J) of LS were larger than those of ES, while the reverse was true for biomass and dominance index (λ). However, no significant differences were found between the two stages for all those indices except J. Meanwhile, Jaccard's index indicated the communities of ES and LS were extremely different. Carlander's biomass index (CBI), H', biological index (BI), Goodnight-Whitley index and Wright index were used to assess water quality of the wetland. Three (CBI, H' and BI) of the five indices agreed quite well with the trophic state index (TLI). The four indices (CBI, H', BI and TLI) indicated water quality of the backshore wetland was slightly to moderately polluted or mesotrophic to eutrophic.

• Key words：Expo Garden  artificial wetland  benthic invertebrate  community structure  species diversity  bioassessment of water quality

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