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研究报告

成卓韦,冯力,蒋轶锋,朱润晔,李珊珊.荧光假单胞菌代谢α-蒎烯过程中表面活性物质的定向积累及其性状分析[J].环境科学学报,2013,33(3):682-690

Directional accumulation and property analysis of a surface-active substance accumulated during the metabolism of α-pinene by Pseudomonas fluorescens

基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目(No.51178431);国家国际科技合作项目(No.2011DFA92660);中国博士后科学基金面上项目(No.2012M510155)

摘要：从处理α-蒎烯的生物滴滤塔中分离到一株荧光假单胞菌PT,该菌株在代谢α-蒎烯的过程中能产生具有表面活性的物质.通过优化培养基,使得菌株在降解过程中能最大程度地积累表面活性的代谢产物,培养液的表面张力下降至30 mN·m^-1.采用红外光谱、薄层色谱等分析方法对分离得到的油状产物进行鉴定,并结合α-蒎烯的微生物代谢途径,确定该表面活性物质为紫苏酸,分子式为C₁₀H₁₄O₂.这类物质对柴油和正己烷有较明显地乳化作用,乳化指数达到40%～60%,对多环芳烃(菲、萘、芘)也有明显地增溶效果,在其临界胶束浓度时水中溶解度分别提高了2.65%、6.07%和10.0%.以上结果表明,该表面活性物质可替代化学表面活性剂广泛用于环境污染的修复治理中.

Abstract：An isolated strain from our α-pinene biotrickling filter, i.e., Pseudomonas fluorescens PT, was found to have the abilities to produce surface-active substance during its metabolism. In this paper, the directional accumulation of the surface-active metabolite was studied by optimizing the bacterial cultural medium, and it therefore resulted in a maximum reduction of the surface tension to 30 mN·m^-1. Based on compositional analysis of the metabolite and the relevant metabolic pathway, the extracted oily surface-active substance was finally identified as perilla acid (C₁₀H₁₄O₂). This compound was able to emulsify diesel and hexane efficiently, with an emulsified index closed to 40%～60%. Additionally, it also presented a significant solubilization effect for the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (phenanthrene, naphthalene and pyrene), and their water solubilities were improved by 2.65%, 6.07% and 10.0% at their critical micelle concentrations, respectively. These results indicated that the biological surface-active substance can be used as a promising substitute for the common chemical surfactant in environmental remediation.