专论与综述
李晶,刘玉荣,贺纪正,郑袁明.土壤微生物对环境胁迫的响应机制[J].环境科学学报,2013,33(4):959-967
土壤微生物对环境胁迫的响应机制
- Insights into the responses of soil microbial community to the environmental disturbances
- 关键词：环境胁迫 土壤微生物群落多样性 抵抗力 恢复力 稳定性
- 基金项目：国家自然科学基金(No.41201523,41071163,41025004)
- 作者
- 单位
- 李晶
- 1. 城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京 100085;
2. 中国科学院大学,北京 100049
- 刘玉荣
- 城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京 100085
- 贺纪正
- 城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京 100085
- 郑袁明
- 城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京 100085
- 摘要：微生物在生态系统物质循环和能量流动过程中起重要作用.研究土壤微生物对各种环境胁迫的响应有助于认识微生物对环境变化的适应与演变机理,维持土壤生态系统功能的稳定.土壤微生物群落多样性是衡量土壤生态系统稳定性的一个重要指标.多数研究表明,土壤微生物群落多样性越高,土壤生态系统越稳定.本文在总结土壤微生物群落多样性及其与环境胁迫响应关系的基础上,进一步讨论了土壤微生物对环境胁迫响应的生态学机制,包括:1抗性微生物的出现及抗性基因的水平转移.该过程导致了土壤微生物群落结构和多样性的改变,产生了更多抵抗能力较强的微生物类群,从而达到对外源干扰的适应,使土壤微生物群落对环境胁迫的抵抗力和恢复力随之提高.2土壤微生物群落功能的冗余.这些冗余程度越高,冗余组分缓冲维持生态系统正常功能的能力越强,从而提高微生物群落对环境胁迫的抵抗力和恢复力.研究土壤生态系统的稳定性与微生物多样性之间的关系,不仅有助于揭示土壤生态系统稳定性的内在机制,为合理调控提供科学依据,也可以为土壤环境质量管理提供参考.
- Abstract：Soil is under increasing environmental pressures that can alter its capacity to fulfill essential ecosystem functions. Microorganisms play important roles in material and energy flows of ecosystem. Thus, it is essential to understand how soil microorganisms respond to environmental disturbances. Soil microbial community diversity determined soil ecosystem stability to a great extent. Many studies demonstrated that soil ecosystem would be more stable with higher biodiversity. In this paper, we summarized the recent progress in the responses (resistance and resilience) of soil microbial communities to environmental stresses and the underlying ecological mechanisms. When new microbial community adapted to the stresses, the resistance and resilience of the soil microbial community would be changed accordingly. Meanwhile, resistance and resilience to disturbance might also vary between microbial communities. These variations of soil microbial community depended on not only the resistant microbes and their horizontal resistant genes transfer, which led to the shift in composition and diversity of soil microbial community, but also the composition and functional redundancy of the microbial community. Functional redundancy within a community might act as a buffer against function mutability resulted from the biodiversity loss. Therefore, investigation on the relationship between soil ecosystem stability and microbial diversity would reveal the driving mechanisms of microbial adaption to the environment, and be helpful to provide measures to quantifying soil microbial function and biodiversity.
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