• 关键词：重金属  沉积物  波纹巴非蛤  文蛤  富集因子(EF)  生物-沉积物积累因子(BSAF)

• 基金项目：国家海洋公益性行业科研专项(No.201005012)

• 付文超
• 中国海洋大学海洋环境与生态教育部重点实验室, 青岛 266100

• 孟范平
• 中国海洋大学海洋环境与生态教育部重点实验室, 青岛 266100

• 王志峰
• 中国海洋大学海洋环境与生态教育部重点实验室, 青岛 266100

• 王群
• 中国海洋大学海洋环境与生态教育部重点实验室, 青岛 266100

• 李永富
• 中国海洋大学海洋环境与生态教育部重点实验室, 青岛 266100

• 周游
• 中国海洋大学海洋环境与生态教育部重点实验室, 青岛 266100

• 程凤莲
• 中国海洋大学海洋环境与生态教育部重点实验室, 青岛 266100

• 摘要：环北部湾经济的迅猛发展对沿岸生态环境的人为干扰日益增强,其中潮间带受到的影响更大.研究该区域沉积物的重金属污染特征、来源及生物积累程度,对于北部湾的环境保护及管理十分重要.2011年10月,对北部湾潮间带13个站位的沉积物中7种重金属(Hg、Pb、Cd、Cr、Cu、Zn、As)、Al及总有机碳(TOC)含量和细颗粒(<63 μm)比例进行测定,同时测定2种双壳类动物(波纹巴非蛤Paphia undulate和文蛤Meretrix meretrix)软组织中重金属含量.通过计算富集因子(EF)和生物-沉积物积累因子(BSAF),对沉积物中每种重金属的来源和生物积累潜力进行分析.结果表明,与世界其他海域相比,北部湾潮间带沉积物中重金属整体污染水平较低,但站位间差异明显;沉积物中的Cd、Pb、Zn、Cu主要来自人为污染,Cr、As和Hg则主要来自天然来源.双壳类动物体内重金属含量在站位间存在较明显差异,波纹巴非蛤和文蛤BSAF值由大到小依次为Cd (861%,1028%)>Zn (281%,369%)>Hg(243%,222%)>Cu(125%,169%) >As(38%,42%)>Cr(37%, 23%)>Pb (3.3%,2.2%);两种生物对Hg、As的积累程度差异不大,波纹巴非蛤对Pb、Cr的积累程度明显高于文蛤,对Cu、Zn、Cd的积累程度则明显低于文蛤.Pearson相关性分析表明,在粒径小、有机质多的沉积物中,多数重金属的生物可利用性降低,不易被双壳类动物吸收利用.

• Abstract：The rapid economic development along Beibu Bay Rim led to more anthropogenic disturbance on coastal ecological environment, especially the intertidal zone. The investigation on the contamination status, sources and the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in sediments is important for environmental protection and management of the Beibu Bay. For this purpose, the concentrations of seven heavy metals (Hg, Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn and As), Al, total organic carbon (TOC) and fine-grained (<63 μm) fractions of the sediments in 13 sampling sites from the intertidal zone along the Beibu Bay in October 2011 were determined, and the contents of heavy metals in soft tissue of two marine bivalves (Paphia undulate and Meretrix meretrix) were also analyzed. Enrichment factors (EFs) and biota-sediment accumulation factors (BASFs) were calculated to assess the sources and bioaccumulation potential of each heavy metal in sediments. Results showed that marked differences existed in the intertidal sediment chemistry among sites along Beibu Bay, although heavy metal concentrations were lower compared with in the sediments of other coastal areas of the world. Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd were originated from anthropogenic activities, while Cr, As and Hg were identified from natural sources. Significant differences in heavy metal contents were also observed in soft tissues of bivalves among sites. The values of BASFs for P. undulate and M. meretrix followed the sequence of Cd (861%, 1028%)>Zn (281%, 369%)>Hg (243%, 222%)>Cu (125%, 169%)>As (38%, 42%)>Cr (37%, 23%)>Pb (3.3%, 2.2%). There was no obvious difference in the degree of bioaccumulation of Hg and As between P. undulate and M. meretrix. However, Pb and Cr were present at relatively high bioaccumulation in P. undulate, while Cu, Zn and Cd displayed higher BASFs in M. meretrix. Pearson Correlation analysis between BASFs and physicochemical factors of sediments suggested that most of the heavy metals were not easily absorbed and utilized by bivalves growing in the fine-grained sediment with high TOC because of the reduced bioavailability.

• Key words：heavy metals  sediment  Paphia undulate  Meretrixmeretrix  enrichment factor(EF)  biota-sediment accumulation factor(BSAF)

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