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研究报告

Greenhouse gases fluxes at water-air interface of aquaculture ponds and influencing factors in the Min River estuary

基金项目：国家重点基础研究计划(973)项目(No.2013CB430401);国家自然科学基金项目(No. 41071148); 福建师范大学地理科学学院研究生科技创新项目

摘要：以闽江口区鳝鱼滩湿地分布的鱼虾混合养殖塘为研究对象,于2011年9月-2012年1月,采用悬浮箱-气相色谱法对养殖塘白天水-气界面CO₂、CH₄和N₂O的通量进行观测,并同步测定地面气象及养殖塘表层水的物理、生物和化学指标.结果表明,观测期间养殖塘水-气界面CO₂、CH₄和N₂O 3种温室气体通量变化范围分别为-22.15~74.79 mg·m^-2·h^-1、0.08~6.62 mg·m^-2·h^-1和-9.82~47.16 μg·m^-2·h^-1,平均值分别为21.04、3.15 mg·m^-2·h^-1和16.58 μg·m^-2·h^-1,整体均表现为大气中3种温室气体的排放源.养殖塘水-气界面3种温室气体通量特征受到人类管理行为(水质管理和饵料投放等)、养殖鱼虾的觅食和代谢过程及气象因子和水体理化性质等诸多因素的共同影响.

Abstract：Variations of CO₂, CH₄ and N₂O fluxes at water-air interface in the daytime were determined using a floating chamber- gas chromatography method in a mixed culture pond of fish and shrimp from September 2011 to January 2012 in the Shanyutan Wetland of the Min River estuary, southeast China. Meanwhile, the meteorological indicators in ground surface and the physical, chemical and biological indicators of surface water were also measured. The fluxes of CO₂, CH₄ and N₂O at the water-air interface showed an obvious temporal variations during observation. CO₂, CH₄ and N₂O fluxes ranged from -22.15 to 74.79 mg·m^-2·h^-1, 0.08 to 6.62 mg·m^-2·h^-1 and -9.82 to 47.16 μg·m^-2·h^-1, respectively, with the average values of 21.04, 3.15 and 16.58 μg·m^-2·h^-1, respectively. The mixed culture pond of fish and shrimp functioned as a source of CO₂, CH₄ and N₂O. The greenhouse gases fluxes at water-air interface were influenced by many factors, including human activities (water quality management and bait launch), growth of fish and shrimp, meteorological factors, and physical and chemical properties of water.

Key words：carbon dioxide methane nitrous oxide water-air interface flux aquaculture ponds Min River estuary