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研究报告

摘要：分别利用振荡平衡法和柱淋溶法研究了5种磺胺类抗生素(磺胺嘧啶,磺胺甲嘧啶,磺胺二甲嘧啶,磺胺二甲氧嘧啶,磺胺甲恶唑)在5种不同土壤中的吸附和淋溶特性及其影响因素.结果表明,磺胺类抗生素在5种供试土壤上的吸附等温线较好地符合Freundlich方程,吸附常数K_d为 0.10~4.39 μg^1-1/ⁿ (cm³)^1/ⁿ g^-1;5种磺胺类抗生素在供试土壤中吸附性大致排列顺序为:东北黑土≈无锡水稻土>江西红壤>南京黄棕壤≈陕西潮土.吸附的主要影响因素为土壤pH值和有机质含量:土壤pH值增高,磺胺类抗生素大量转变为阴离子态,吸附减弱;土壤有机质含量增加,吸附增强.5种磺胺抗生素在5种供试土壤中的吸附自由能为 -12.5~-5.3 kJ·mol^-1,表明吸附机理主要是物理吸附.磺胺类抗生素在土壤中具有较强的淋溶性, 淋溶性能从大到小依次为:陕西潮土>南京黄棕壤>江西红壤>无锡水稻土>东北黑土,与吸附试验结果相一致.畜禽养殖使用磺胺类抗生素对地下水污染具有潜在风险,应该引起足够重视.

Abstract：The adsorption and leaching of sulfonamides (sulfadiazine, sulfamerazine, sulfamethazine, sulfadimethoxine, and sulfamethoxazole) in five soils from China were examined using batch equilibrium method and column leaching method in order to understand the attenuation of sulfonamides in environment. The results showed that the adsorption experimental data of sulfonamides could be best described by the Freundlich equation. K_d values ranged from 0.10 to 4.39 μg^1-1/n (cm³)^1/n g^-1, and the adsorption ranked as Dongbei black soil ≈ Wuxi paddy soil >Jiangxi red soil > Nanjing yellow-brown soil ≈ Shaanxi tide soil. Soil adsorption of sulfonamides was primarily related to soil pH and percent organic carbon. As soil pH increased, K_d values of sulfonamides decreased as sulfonamides dissociated to the anionic form. As percent organic carbon increased, K_d values of sulfonamides increased. Moreover, the adsorption free energy of the five tested sulfonamides ranged from -12.5 to -5.3 kJ·mol^-1, indicating that the adsorption could be largely attributed to the physical adsorption. In the soil column, the motion of sulfonamides was obvious and the order of leaching rate of five soils was Shaanxi tide soil > Nanjing yellow-brown soil > Jiangxi red soil >Wuxi paddy soil > Dongbei black soil, which was in accordance with the adsorption results. The incorporation of sulfonamides through animal manure can bring risks to groundwater, which should be paid more attention.