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研究论文

Pollution characteristics of submicron particle PM₁ and its water soluble inorganic ions in Dongguan

摘要：2011年8月—2012年7月期间，利用中流量（100 L·min^-1）大气采样器对东莞市A和B两点（A：生活区，B：工业区）进行PM₁、PM_1~2.5、PM_2.5~10采样，并定量分析颗粒物上F^-、Cl^-、NO₃^-、SO₄^2-、NH₄⁺、Na⁺、K⁺、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺等9种水溶性无机离子.分析结果显示，工业区B点的细粒子污染较生活区A点严重，B点PM₁质量浓度年均值为48 μg·m^-3，其浓度是A点的1.2倍.A、B两点PM₁对PM_2.5和PM₁₀的质量贡献率无明显差异，平均贡献率分别高达69%和45%.二次离子SO₄^2-、NO₃^-、NH₄⁺及与燃烧行为有关的K⁺、Cl^-等5种离子在细粒子PM₁上富集，这5种离子对PM₁质量的贡献率分别为18.82%~19.76%、4.98%~5.47%、3.98%~4.12%、2.03%~2.27%和3.39%~3.78%.而其他4种离子，Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、F^-和Na⁺积聚在粗粒子PM_2.5~10上.PM₁₀/PM_2.5/PM₁三种粒子中，PM₁粒子酸性值AE/CE（阴离子当量浓度/阳离子当量浓度）比值和硫转化率SOR、氮转化率NOR值均是最高.

Abstract：PM₁、PM_1~2.5、PM_2.5~10 samples were collected simultaneously using medium-volume samplers at commercial/residential area (A site) and industrial area (B site) in Dongguan city from August 2011 to July 2012. With respect to the analysis of nine kinds of water-soluble inorganic ions (i.e. F^-, Cl^-, NO₃^-, SO₄^2-, NH₄⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺), it was concluded that the pollution of fine particle at B site was more serious than that at A site. An annual average mass concentration of PM₁ at B site was 48 μg·m^-3, which was 1.2 times the value of A. The difference in mass contributions of PM₁ to PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ at A and B site was not obvious, with values of 69% and 45%, respectively. Secondary ions of NO₃^-, SO₄^2- and NH₄⁺, and K⁺ and Cl^-, indicators of combustion, were all concentrated in submicron particle PM₁, with contribution ratios to PM₁ mass of 18.82%~19.76%, 4.98%~5.47%、3.98%~4.12%, 2.03%~2.27% and 3.39%~3.78%, respectively. Moreover, the other four ions, i.e. Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, F^- and Na⁺, were concentrated in coarse particle PM_2.5~10. With respect to the three particles PM₁₀, PM_2.5 and PM₁, the values of AE/CE ratios, SOR and NOR of PM₁ were the highest.

Key words：PM₁ water-soluble inorganic ions particulate acidity size distribution