研究论文
刘庆阳,刘艳菊,杨峥,张婷婷,张美根,钟震宇.北京城郊冬季一次大气重污染过程颗粒物的污染特征[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(1):12-18
北京城郊冬季一次大气重污染过程颗粒物的污染特征
- Daily variations of chemical properties in airborne particulate matter during a high pollution winter episode in Beijing
- 基金项目：国家自然科学基金面上项目（No.41175104）；中国科学院灰霾项目（No.XDB05030103）；中国科学院大气物理研究所大气边界层物理与大气化学国家重点实验室开放基金；北京市科学技术研究院青年骨干人才计划项目（No.201301）
- 作者
- 单位
- 刘庆阳
- 1. 北京市理化分析测试中心, 北京 100089;2. 中国科学院大学资源与环境学院, 北京 100049
- 刘艳菊
- 1. 北京市理化分析测试中心, 北京 100089;2. 北京麋鹿生态实验中心, 北京 100076
- 杨峥
- 北京麋鹿生态实验中心, 北京 100076
- 张婷婷
- 北京市理化分析测试中心, 北京 100089
- 张美根
- 中国科学院大气物理研究所大气边界层物理与大气化学国家重点实验室, 北京 100029
- 钟震宇
- 北京麋鹿生态实验中心, 北京 100076
- 摘要：本研究分析了北京冬季一次大气重污染过程的颗粒物污染特征，通过数学统计方法分析了其形成的可能原因.观测于2013年1月24—31日进行，在西三环城区和大兴郊区使用中流量大气颗粒物采样器采集可吸入颗粒物（PM10）和细颗粒物（PM2.5），并采用离子色谱和元素碳/有机碳分析仪分析了PM2.5上的水溶性离子、元素碳和有机碳浓度.结果表明，本次重污染天气的大气日均能见度低于3.0 km.PM10和 PM2.5质量浓度日均最大值分别为675.5和453.4 μg·m-3，平均质量浓度为349.2和260.8 μg·m-3，超过环境空气质量标准（GB3095—2012）所规定的二级浓度限值.通过比较PM2.5上化学成分的浓度发现，在城区和郊区，此次天气形成的共同污染源为冬季燃煤燃烧、汽车尾气排放和二次有机气溶胶污染；而土壤/沙尘对郊区污染天气的形成有部分贡献.大气中PM2.5质量浓度与能见度呈对数负相关关系.
- Abstract：This study aimed to investigate the pollution process and statistically analyze possible reasons for a high pollution episode in winter. Atmospheric coarse and fine particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) were collected at urban and suburban locations of Beijing from 24 to 31 January, 2013. The mass concentration of PM10, PM2.5 and the concentrations of ions, elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon(OC) in PM2.5 were measured and their correlations with visibility were studied. The results showed that daily visibility was less than 3 km during heavy air pollution episode. The maximum daily mass concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 were 675.5 and 453.4 μg·m-3. In addition, the average daily mass concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 were 349.2 and 260.8 μg·m-3, exceeding the ambient air quality standard (GB3095—2012) of China. The main contribution sources to the formation of heavy air pollution were coal-burning, vehicle exhaust and formation of secondary organic aerosol, based on the comparison between chemical compositions in PM2.5 during the pollution episode. Significantly negative correlations were observed between mass concentrations of PM2.5 with visibility.
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