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特别选题:纪念环境保护部华南环境科学研究所建所40周年

于云江,杨林,李良忠,王琼,张艳平,向明灯,何焱,孙朋.兰州市大气PM₁₀中重金属和多环芳烃的健康风险评价[J].环境科学学报,2013,33(11):2920-2927

Health risk assessments of heavy metals and PAHs bound to PM₁₀ in Lanzhou city

摘要：以现场采样监测和问卷调查方式,结合美国环保局推荐的健康风险评价模型,对兰州市大气PM₁₀中重金属、PAHs及其健康风险进行了研究.结果表明:兰州市大气PM₁₀中重金属和PAHs具有明显的季节特征,冬季高于夏季;人群对重金属和PAHs的日均暴露剂量在9.60×10^-5~1.06×10^-3 mg·kg^-1·d^-1之间,儿童的日均暴露剂量高于成人,男性高于女性;Zn和4环及4环以上的PAHs对总暴露剂量的贡献率较高.无论致癌风险还是非致癌风险,研究区均高于对照区,男性高于女性,其中,男性儿童致癌风险最高,预期寿命损失为2.17 d.冬季研究区和对照区的致癌风险均高于美国EPA推荐的可接受风险水平.

Abstract：Health risk assessments of heavy metals and PAHs bound to PM₁₀ were conducted with in situ sampling and questionnaire survey. The samples of PM₁₀ were collected from Lanzhou City. The assessment model recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) was applied to derive the risk level of PM₁₀ to the normal daily life of citizens in Lanzhou City. Analyzed results showed that concentrations of heavy metals and PAHs changed significantly with high level in winter and low level in summer. The average daily exposure doses of heavy metals and PAHs in samples to population were from 9.60×10^-5 to 1.06×10^-3 mg·kg^-1·d^-1. Average daily exposure dose for children was higher than adults, and higher for male female. Zinc and PAHs with 4 or more rings contributed much on the total amount of exposure dose. Both the carcinogenic risks and non-carcinogenic risks were higher in the study area than those in the control area, and higher for male than female. Assessment results for young boys showed the highest carcinogenic risk among all groups of citizens. The loss of life expectancy was calculated as 2.17 d based on the risk assessment model. The carcinogenic risks in both study area and control area exceeded the maximum acceptable level of US EPA (1×10^-4) in winter.