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研究论文

Pollutioncharacteristics and source apportionment of heavy metals in PM₁ at Dongguan, China

摘要：采集了2011年8月—2012年7月间东莞市不同区域两点（A：生活区；B：工业区）的PM_2.5~10、PM_1~2.5和PM₁样品，并用ICP-MS分析了颗粒物上Pb、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、V、Mn、Cr、Hg和Al等10种元素，重点研究了PM₁中除Al外其它9种重金属元素的污染特征.分析结果显示，工业区B点PM₁中的重金属污染明显较生活区A点严重，9种重金属元素在B点PM₁中的浓度是A点的2.3~4.4倍.Zn和Pb是A、B两点PM₁中主要的重金属元素，同时各重金属元素质量占PM₁质量百分比范围为0.0008%~0.3530%.粒径分布、富集因子分析的结果显示，大部分重金属元素主要富集在PM₁中，且主要受人为源的影响.因子分析源解析结果表明，A、B两点PM₁主要来源于4类污染源：燃煤源、机动车/工厂燃油源、冶金化工源、土壤尘.污染源特征分析表明，偏北风时东莞地区PM₁受局地源远距离输送影响更严重，偏南风时受本地污染源影响更严重.

Abstract：PM_2.5~10, PM_1~2.5 and PM₁ were sampled from August 2011 to July 2012 at different sites of A and B (A: living area; B: industrial area) in Dongguan, China. In addition, elemental compositions (Pb, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, V, Mn, Cr, Hg and Al) of ambient particles were determined using ICP-MS and characterization of heavy metals in PM₁ was performed. Our results showed that the concentrations of these heavy metals in PM₁ at B site were about 2.3~4.4 times those at A site, indicating that the heavy metal pollution in PM₁ at the industrial site was more serious than that at the living site. Among these nine heavy metals, Zn and Pb were the primary elements in PM₁. Heavy metals accounted for 0.0008%~0.3530% of PM₁ mass. Size distribution and enrichment factor analysis suggested that most of the nine heavy metals were mainly enriched in PM₁ and were primarily emitted by anthropogenic sources. Source apportionment analysis further revealed that PM₁ at both sites primarily originated from coal combustion, vehicle/industrial oil burning, metallurgic emission and soil dust. Moreover, PM₁ in Dongguan was mainly affected by non-local source with north wind and by the local sources with south wind.