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研究论文

基金项目：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项（No. 2009ZX07423-001-003）；广东省教育部产学研结合项目（No. 2012B091000110）

摘要：采用计算机摄像跟踪技术，以正常水体中斑马鱼鱼群的行为变化为基础，模拟污染物突发暴露下斑马鱼鱼群游动行为（速度和高度）、通讯行为（平均距离和分散度）和区域分布（不同区域停留时间）的变化规律.结果表明：在氯氰菊酯和溴氰菊酯联合突发暴露下，斑马鱼表现出慌乱不安的过度活跃，游动速度在暴露前30 min内持续增大，变化区间由暴露前30~60 mm·s^-1增至60~85 mm·s^-1，而后又迅速下降至20 mm·s^-1左右.高度的变化稍微滞后于速度的突变，在暴露12 min后才明显增高.持续的污染物暴露和其对鱼的毒性作用也破坏了鱼群原有的通讯和分布规律，平均距离和分散度分别增大43.5%和120.0%，且鱼群在浓度相对较低、接近水面的出水口附近的停留时间明显增加.与传统的以个体鱼和单一行为反应为监测对象的方式相比，基于斑马鱼群体行为变化用于水质在线预警系统能够获得更加全面、有效的信息，是预警水质突变的可靠手段.

Abstract：To study the behavioral responses of zebrafish under the combination effect of cypermethrin and deltamethrin, a set of motion activities were monitored and analyzed using a computer-imaging technique. Endpoints included swimming activity, social interaction within fish school and fish distribution. Results showed that the swimming speed of zebrafish increased significantly when exposed to the two toxicants. The swimming speed increased from 30~60 mm·s^-1 to 60~85 mm·s^-1 within the first thirty minutes exposure, and then immediately decreased to 20 mm·s^-1. The swimming depth decreased after 12 minutes exposure. Under chronic exposure, the communication patterns between fish were changed, and the swimming distance and dispersion increased by 43.5% and 120.0%, respectively. Zebrafish preferred swimming and staying on the water surface with lower toxic concentration. The vision-based real-time zebrafish swimming pattern monitoring method combined the calculation of swimming speed, depth, distance between fish, dispersion and time spend in different areas, therefore is a more comprehensive and effective system than the traditional individual fish and single endpoint monitoring method to give the early warning signal of water contamination.

Key words：biomonitoring avoidance fish school swimming area cypermethrin deltamethrin