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研究论文

杨玖,谷洁,张友旺,胡婷,史龙翔,张文纬,邵启凡,李玉娣,付青霞,高华,王小娟.磺胺甲噁唑对堆肥过程中酶活性及微生物群落功能多样性的影响[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(4):965-972

Effects of sulfamethoxazole on enzyme activity and microbial community functional diversity during pig manure composting

摘要：为了探讨磺胺甲噁唑（Sulfamethoxazole，SMZ）对猪粪堆肥过程的影响，以猪粪、小麦秸秆为试验材料，研究了SMZ对好氧高温堆肥过程中温度、脱氢酶活性及微生物群落功能多样性的影响.结果表明，在整个堆腐过程中，SMZ含量为50 mg·kg^-1的处理中脱氢酶活性受到不同程度的抑制作用；SMZ含量为95 mg·kg^-1时对脱氢酶活性有激活作用.SMZ含量为95 mg·kg^-1的处理中AWCD值与未添加SMZ的处理差异不显著，Simpson指数显著高于其他处理，有利于提高微生物的优势度，Shannon多样性指数显著高于未添加SMZ的处理，提高了微生物群落的丰富度和均匀度.SMZ含量为50 mg·kg^-1的处理中AWCD值显著低于其他处理，对微生物活性具有一定的抑制作用.SMZ含量为50 mg·kg^-1的堆料中微生物对多酚化合物类和多胺类等物质利用率显著低于其他处理，SMZ含量为95 mg·kg^-1的堆料中微生物对糖类、多聚物类及多胺类等物质利用率较低.主成分分析表明，堆料中微生物中起分异作用的碳源主要为糖类、羧酸类及AA酸类.

Abstract：Effects of sulfamethoxazole on pig manure and wheat straw composting were examined during aerobic fermentation in thermophilic aerobic state. The changes of temperature, dehydrogenase activity and microbial community functional diversity were determined. The results showed that the treatment of 50 mg·kg^-1 SMZ had different inhibition action on dehydrogenase activity. The treatment of 95 mg·kg^-1 SMZ activated the dehydrogenase activity during composting. The treatment of 95 mg·kg^-1 SMZ had no significant inhibition on average well color development (AWCD), while it had significant inhibition on Shannon index and Simpson index as compared to the control (p<0.05). Addition of SMZ tended to improve microbial community function. The treatment of 50 mg·kg^-1 SMZ had significant inhibition on AWCD, and could significantly decrease utilization of amines and polyphenols. In contrast, the treatment of 95 mg·kg^-1 SMZ significantly decreased utilization of polymers, carbohydrates and amines. Principal component analysis clearly revealed that carbon sources were carbohydrates, polycarboxylic acids and AA acids during the differentiation process.