研究论文
孙锋,赵灿灿,李江涛,陈思宇,谷艳芳.与碳氮循环相关的土壤酶活性对施用氮磷肥的响应[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(4):1016-1023
与碳氮循环相关的土壤酶活性对施用氮磷肥的响应
- Response of soil enzyme activities in soil carbon and nitrogen cycles to the application of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer
- 基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目（No.31070394）
- 作者
- 单位
- 孙锋
- 河南大学生命科学学院, 开封 475004
- 赵灿灿
- 1. 河南大学生命科学学院, 开封 475004;2. 河南大学生态科学和技术研究所, 开封 475004
- 李江涛
- 河南大学生命科学学院, 开封 475004
- 陈思宇
- 河南大学生命科学学院, 开封 475004
- 谷艳芳
- 1. 河南大学生命科学学院, 开封 475004;2. 河南大学生态科学和技术研究所, 开封 475004
- 摘要：通过测定土壤酶活性和微生物量来评估施化肥对冬小麦土壤中参与碳（C）、氮（N）循环酶活性的影响.实验设氮（N）、磷（P）两个影响因子，4个处理分别是仅施P（SP）、仅施N（SN）、施N和P（P+N）、对照（CK，无施肥），测定冬小麦开花期和成熟期土壤纤维素酶、脱氢酶、脲酶和蛋白酶活性和开花期土壤微生物量.结果表明：纤维素酶活性在冬小麦两个生育期都是P+N处理中最高，分别为0.056 μg·g-1·h-1（以葡萄糖计）和0.041 μg·g-1·h-1（以葡萄糖计），显著高于CK.脱氢酶活性在冬小麦两个生育期都是P+N处理中最高，分别为0.46 μg·g-1·h-1（以TPF计）和0.31 μg·g-1·h-1（以TPF计），显著高于CK，SP和SN处理与CK有显著差异.脲酶活性在冬小麦两个生育期都是SN处理中最高，分别为54.2 μg·g-1·h-1（以NH3-N计）和63.9 μg·g-1·h-1（以NH3-N计），显著高于CK.蛋白酶活性在开花期SP处理中最大，成熟期CK处理中最大，分别为0.61 μg·g-1·h-1（以酪氨酸计）和0.31 μg·g-1·h-1（以酪氨酸计）.除脲酶外，成熟期酶活性低于开花期.N和P交互作用通过增加土壤放线菌、菌根真菌生物量和作物地下生物量显著增加了纤维素酶和脱氢酶活性，通过降低土壤pH和增加铵态氮量显著降低了土壤蛋白酶活性，通过提高N利用率，降低了脲酶活性.
- Abstract：This study was conducted to examine the effects of chemical fertilizer application on enzyme activity in carbon and nitrogen cycles in soil of winter wheat by measuring soil enzyme activity and microbial biomass. A complete factorial combination experiment of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilization were designed, including 4 treatments-Single P fertilization (SP), Single N fertilization (SN), N & P fertilization (S+N), and no fertilization (CK). Activities of cellulase, dehydrogenase, urease and protease as well as microbial biomass were determined in anthesis and ripening stage. The results showed that cellulase activity were 0.056 and 0.041 μg·g-1·h-1 (glucose) in anthesis and ripening stage in P+N treatment, respectively, significantly higher than CK. Dehydrogenase activity of P+N were 0.46 and 0.31 μg·g-1·h-1(TPF) in the two growth stages, which reached the maximum in all treatments. In addition, P+N, SP and SN affected dehydrogenase activity significantly. Urase activity of SN treatment were 54.2 and 63.9 μg·g-1·h-1 (NH3-N) in the two growth stages, significantly higher than that in the CK treatment. Protease activity reached a maximum of 0.61 μg·g-1·h-1 (tyrosine) in SP in anthesis stage and 0.31 μg·g-1·h-1 (tyrosine) in CK in ripening stage, respectively. Enzyme activities of ripening stage were lower than anthesis stage except urease. The interactive effects of N and P fertilization increased cellulose and dehydrogenase activity through increasing actinobacterial, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal and belowground biomass, decreased protease activity by reducing the soil pH and increasing the amount of amino nitrogen, and decreased urease activity by increasing N utilization.
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