• 关键词：人工湿地  多元统计分析  模糊综合评价  时空变异

• 基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目（No.40901281）；国家国际科技合作专项（No.2014DFA21620）

• 黄迪
• 1. 首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院, 北京 100048;2. 北京市城市环境过程与数字模拟重点实验室-省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地, 北京 100048;3. 资源环境与地理信息系统北京市重点实验室, 北京 100048

• 熊薇
• 1. 首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院, 北京 100048;2. 北京市城市环境过程与数字模拟重点实验室-省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地, 北京 100048;3. 资源环境与地理信息系统北京市重点实验室, 北京 100048

• 刘克
• 国家测绘地理信息局卫星测绘应用中心, 北京 101300

• 郭逍宇
• 1. 首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院, 北京 100048;2. 北京市城市环境过程与数字模拟重点实验室-省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地, 北京 100048;3. 资源环境与地理信息系统北京市重点实验室, 北京 100048

• 摘要：选取奥林匹克森林公园人工湿地作为典型再生水补水人工湿地净化系统进行水质数据检测，应用模糊综合评价法综合评估各净化单元的水体污染状况，采用综合判别分析和Spearman相关分析阐释影响各净化单元时空变异的水环境要素，并通过因子分析识别不同时间段污染源的种类和组成.结果表明，奥林匹克森林公园人工湿地净化系统水质状况较好，符合人体非直接接触的景观用水国家标准.人工湿地各净化单元时空区间污染程度不同：季节尺度上，秋季污染更为严重；空间尺度上，主湖区、混合氧化塘区污染最为严重.COD_Mn、NO₃^--N 、ORP、TN 4项指标即可完全表征水质的季节差异（91.8%），应适当加大监测力度； Chl-a、COD_Mn、DO、pH 4项指标用于表征空间差异（55.1%），较低的判别正确率暗示了各功能区间类似的污染状况.不同时空区间污染源种类和组成存在差异性：水体的内源杂质是各季度影响水质的主要因子，春季有机污染最为严重，夏季则转为氮、磷等营养物质污染，秋季水体则更易受富营养化的威胁；再生水区水体污染的主要影响因子为氮、磷等营养盐类，其余功能区水体主要影响因子仍为内源杂质.增强水体流通力，缩短水力停留时间，能够有效减弱富营养盐类和有机污染物的影响.

• Abstract：In order to describe temporal and spatial variations in water quality and to identify pollution sources, water quality of a typical constructed wetland in Olympic Forest Park of Beijing was evaluated. Fuzzy Comprehensive Assessment (FCA) was applied to estimate the overall water situation of each season/functional area. Hierarchical Discriminant Analysis (HDA), together with Spearman Correlation Analysis, was used to identify significant parameters. Principal Component Analysis/Factor Analysis (PCA/FA) was applied to extract the responsible sources/factors in each season. The results demonstrated relatively high water quality of the constructed wetland in Olympic Forest Park, which was suitable for landscape reuse. The most severe contamination occurred in autumn (temporal scale) and main lake/mixed oxidation pond (spatial scale). COD_Mn, NO₃^--N, ORP and TN accounted for 91.8% of total temporal variance and thus monitoring should be strengthened; Chl-a,COD_Mn,DO and pH account for 55.1% of total spatial variance, and the low accuracy in HDA indicated similar pollution characteristics within these 5 function areas. Internal pollution was the major pollutant source in all selected seasons. The constructed wetland was largely affected by organic matters in spring, was contaminated by nutrient pollutant (N and P) in summer, and was threatened by eutrophication in autumn. The major source in reclaimed water treatment area was nutrient pollutant (N and P), while internal pollutant dominated in other functional areas. Enhancing the water circulation and shortening the hydraulic retention time can effectively degrade the effect of nutrient salts and organic pollutants.

• Key words：constructed wetland  multivariate statistical tecniques  fuzzy comprehensive assessment  spatial and temporal variations

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