王朝晖,康伟.柘林湾表层沉积物中甲藻孢囊的分布与浮游植物休眠体萌发研究[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(8):2043-2050
柘林湾表层沉积物中甲藻孢囊的分布与浮游植物休眠体萌发研究
- Distribution of dinocysts and germination of phytoplankton resting spores in surface sediments from Zhelin Bay, the South China Sea
- 基金项目：国家自然科学基金（No.41276154，U1301235）；水体富营养化与赤潮防治广东普通高校重点实验室开放基金
- 王朝晖
- 暨南大学生命科学技术学院, 水体富营养化与赤潮防治广东普通高校重点实验室(暨南大学), 广州 510632
- 康伟
- 暨南大学生命科学技术学院, 水体富营养化与赤潮防治广东普通高校重点实验室(暨南大学), 广州 510632
- 摘要：于2008年11月采集了广东柘林湾表层沉积物样品，对沉积物中的甲藻孢囊进行分类鉴定，同时对沉积物进行了直接萌发，并对萌发的浮游植物进行了定性定量分析，以了解柘林湾海域甲藻孢囊的分布状况，揭示赤潮发生潜势.研究结果显示，柘林湾海域甲藻孢囊种类多样性较低，仅分析鉴定出甲藻孢囊16种，有毒有害赤潮藻类亚历山大藻和链状裸甲藻的孢囊分布广泛.孢囊组成以异养型甲藻的孢囊占优势，其中，原多甲藻孢囊种类和密度最为丰富，显示了该海域较高的富营养化程度.孢囊密度较低，在16.59~83.37 cysts·g-1（以干重计，下同）之间，平均为39.52 cysts·g-1.空孢囊百分比均较高，平均百分比达到56.3%，说明大部分孢囊已经萌发.萌发的浮游植物种类数较少，共萌发出浮游植物26属33种，硅藻优势种类主要有拟菱形藻（Pseudonitzschia spp.）、角毛藻（Chaetoceros spp.）、中肋骨条藻（Skeletonema costatum）、圆筛藻（Coscinodiscus spp.）等.甲藻种类数较少，其中以woloszynskioid类中的Biecheleriopsis adriatica为优势甲藻.萌发的浮游植物中还出现了大量金色藻（Chrysochromulina spp.）及球形棕囊藻（Phaeocystis globaosa）等其他类别的潜在有毒种类.本研究结果表明，柘林湾海域沉积物中有毒有害赤潮藻类孢囊分布广泛，并萌发出大量的潜在有毒藻类，说明柘林湾海域具有较高的有害赤潮发生风险.
- Abstract：To understand the distribution of dinocysts and the potential of harmful algal blooms (HABs) in Zhelin Bay, South China Sea, dinocysts were analyzed in surface sediments collected in November 2008. Meanwhile, sediments were incubated for 20 and 40 days, and germinated vegetative cells were examined. The species diversity of dinocyst was low, with only 16 types of dinocyst observed. Cysts of HAB species including Alexandrium spp. and Gymnodinium catenatum widely distributed. The dominance by cysts of heterotrophic dinoflagellates (especially of genus Protoperidinium) indicated high trophic level in Zhelin Bay. Cyst concentration was low, falling between 16.59 and 83.37 cysts·g-1 with an average of 39.52 cysts·g-1. The proportions of empty cyst averaged 56.3%, indicating that most of the cysts in surface sediments were germinated. The species diversity of germinated phytoplankton was low, and overall 33 taxa in 26 genus were observed. Pseudonitzschia spp., Chaetoceros spp., Skeletonema costatum and Coscinodiscus spp. were dominant diatoms, and a woloszynskioid species Biecheleriopsis adriatica was predominant dinoflagellate. The potential harmful species such as Chrysochromulina spp. and Phaeocystis globaosa occurred abundantly in germinated phytoplankton. The results suggested high risk of HABs in Zhelin Bay as indicated by the wide distribution of cysts of HAB species and massive germination of potential toxic species.
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