研究报告
左太安,刁承泰,施开放,孙秀锋,官冬杰.基于物元分析的表层岩溶带“二元”水生态承载力评价[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(5):1316-1323
基于物元分析的表层岩溶带“二元”水生态承载力评价
- Evaluation on ecological carrying capacity of epikarst dualistic water resources based on matter element analysis
- 基金项目：国家自然科学基金（No.41201546）；贵州省重大科技专项（No.20126015）；中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金（No.XDJK2013C068）；贵州省科学技术基金（No.20112033）；重庆市自然科学基金（No.cstc2012jjA20010）
- 作者
- 单位
- 左太安
- 西南大学地理科学学院, 重庆 400715
- 刁承泰
- 西南大学地理科学学院, 重庆 400715
- 施开放
- 华东师范大学地理信息科学教育部重点实验室, 上海 200241
- 孙秀锋
- 1. 西南大学地理科学学院, 重庆 400715;2. 西南大学园艺园林学院, 重庆 400715
- 官冬杰
- 重庆交通大学河海学院, 重庆 400074
- 摘要：针对目前水生态承载力评价中信息屏蔽和主观性问题，该文以喀斯特典型分布区贵州省为例，在阐述表层岩溶带“二元”水生态承载力概念的基础上，构建表层岩溶带“二元”水生态承载力评价指标体系，结合物元分析法，对贵州省2007—2010年的表层岩溶带“二元”水生态承载力进行定量评价.研究结果表明：2007—2010年贵州省表层岩溶带“二元”水生态承载力等级都为“可承载”，整体呈现出比较稳定的发展趋势，但是“可承载”水平并不稳定，不完全符合No2的标准.“可承载”水平不稳定.贵州省表层岩溶带“二元”水生态承载力的主要提升因子是地表产流率、输沙模数、森林覆盖率、水资源利用率等8个，而单位面积地表水资源量、生态用水率、工业废水排放达标率、工业固体废物综合利用率以及城镇化率等9个成为制约贵州省表层岩溶带“二元”水生态承载力等级提升的因子.贵州省的表层岩溶带“二元”水生态承载力不仅关系到自身的社会、经济和生态安全也关系到下游的长江流域和珠江流域的水资源安全、生态安全以及环境建设.因此，应制定区域生态补偿措施，经济发达地区反哺经济落后地区，形成联动的共同保护生态环境脆弱区的水生态承载力的机制.为促进贵州省的水土资源开发利用和生态环境建设提供理论借鉴，并为类似地区的水生态承载力评价提供了一种新方法.
- Abstract：In order to solve the current information shielding and subjectivity problem in the evaluation of water ecological carrying capacity, evaluation index system of water ecological carrying capacity for epikarst dualistic water resource was established in a typical Karst region in Guizhou Province based on the illustrations about the concept of ecological carrying capacity of epikarst dualistic water resource. Quantitative evaluation was carried out for the water ecological carrying capacity from 2007 to 2010 in combination with matter element analysis method. According to the results, the water ecological carrying capacity of epikarst dualistic water resource in Guizhou Province was bearable, which occurred in a relatively stable development trend, but did not conform to the standard of No2. Furthermore, it had the potential of transforming to No2, and the‘carrying capacity’was not stable. The single-index evaluation result of matter element analysis has shown that there are eight main promoting factors of water ecological carrying capacity of epikarst dualistic water resource in Guizhou, including surface runoff producing rate, sediment runoff modulus, forest coverage rate, water resource utilization rate, etc. Whereas nine factors, including the unit-area surface water resource amount, ecological water utilization rate, industrial wastewater discharge control rate, urbanization rate, etc., were identified to restrict the improvement of ‘binary’ water ecological carrying capacity of epikarst zone in Guizhou. The ecological carrying capacity of epikarst dualistic water resource in Guizhou was related to not only the society, economy, ecological security, but also the security of water resource, ecological security and environmental construction in the downstream of Yangtze River basin and Pearl River basin. Therefore, regional eco-compensation measures should be made, and the linkage in water ecological carrying capacity mechanism between the protected areas and fragile ecological environment should be formed, with developed areas assisting economic backward areas. The research result provides a new method for promoting development and utilization of land and water resources and the ecological environment construction in Guizhou, as well as the evaluation of water ecological carrying capacity in similar areas.
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