李冬,陈蕾,夏阳,宋晓娜,刘旻慧,郑浩.生物炭改良剂对小白菜生长及低质土壤氮磷利用的影响[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(9):2384-2391
生物炭改良剂对小白菜生长及低质土壤氮磷利用的影响
- The effects of biochar on growth and uptake of nitrogen and phosphorus for Chinese cabbage in poor quality soil in Ningxia
- 基金项目：中国博士后基金（No.2014M550374）；宁夏回族自治区科技支撑计划项目（No.2013Zys149）；宁夏农林科学院自主研发项目（No.nkyg-13-11）
- 李冬
- 1. 宁夏农林科学院种质资源研究所, 银川 750002
- 陈蕾
- 2. 中国海洋大学环境科学与工程学院, 青岛 266100;3. 海洋环境与生态教育部重点实验室, 青岛 266100
- 夏阳
- 2. 中国海洋大学环境科学与工程学院, 青岛 266100;3. 海洋环境与生态教育部重点实验室, 青岛 266100
- 宋晓娜
- 2. 中国海洋大学环境科学与工程学院, 青岛 266100;3. 海洋环境与生态教育部重点实验室, 青岛 266100
- 刘旻慧
- 2. 中国海洋大学环境科学与工程学院, 青岛 266100;3. 海洋环境与生态教育部重点实验室, 青岛 266100
- 郑浩
- 2. 中国海洋大学环境科学与工程学院, 青岛 266100;3. 海洋环境与生态教育部重点实验室, 青岛 266100
- 摘要：生物炭技术是近年来新兴的具有多重农业和环境效益的土壤改良技术.本研究以宁夏低质淡灰钙土为研究对象，以“中白78”小白菜（Brassica chinensis）为供试作物，分别按0、1.5%、3%和5%（质量分数）的比例添加花生壳生物炭（Biochar，BC）和基于花生壳生物炭研发的生物炭改良剂（BC-based amendment，AD），系统研究了BC和AD对小白菜植株生长、产量及土壤养分利用有效性的影响.结果表明：BC和AD的添加均增加了小白菜的株高和产量，与BC相比，AD对小白菜的增产效果更为显著（BC和AD处理的产量分别为对照的2.34~3.77倍和4.37~4.60倍）.各剂量BC处理中，小白菜地上部、根系生物量的顺序为1.5%BC>3%BC≈5% BC；而对于AD处理，3种添加量处理的小白菜生物量无显著性差异.增产的主要原因包括两方面：第一是两种材料中主要养分对小白菜生长的直接贡献；第二则是两种材料均促进了小白菜根系的生长，增强了根际效应，从而改变了N、P等土壤养分的利用有效性.BC和AD的加入均增加了小白菜对N的利用有效性，AD促进了小白菜对P的利用有效性.可见，BC和AD均可作为土壤改良剂，改善宁夏低质淡灰钙土的养分状况，提高作物产量.
- Abstract：The biochar technology has become a promising technology for soil amelioration due to its multiple agricultural and environmental benefits. Biochar sample (BC) and BC-based amendment was developed, and added into the poor quality soil (light Sierozem) collected from Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region with the rates of 0、1.5%、3% and 5%, respectively. Chinese cabbage Zhongbai 78 (Brassica chinensis) was chosen as the test plant, and the effect of BC and AD on its growth, yield and nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) utilization efficiency was investigated, as well as rhizosphere effect. The results indicated that the cabbage height and yield significantly increased in BC and AD treatmens, and more significant in AD treatment compared with that of BC. These positive effects is possibly due to the direct nutrient contributions from BC and AD, as well as the enhanced rhizosphere effect resulted from adding of BC and AD. The N utilization efficiency was enhanced in both BC and AD treatments, but P utilization efficiency was enhanced only in AD treatments. Therefore, BC and AD may be used as the poor quality soil amendments to improve nutrient utilization efficiency and thus to increase crop yield.
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