研究报告
张雪辰,邓双,杨密密,李忠徽,王旭东.畜禽粪便堆腐过程中有机碳组分与腐熟指标的变化[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(10):2559-2565
畜禽粪便堆腐过程中有机碳组分与腐熟指标的变化
- Changes of organic carbon fractions and maturity index during composting of manure
- 基金项目："十二五"科技支撑资助课题(No.2012BAD14B11);陕西省科技统筹创新工程计划课题(No.2011KTDZ02-01-04);大学生创新项目资助课题
- 作者
- 单位
- 张雪辰
- 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,杨凌 712100
- 邓双
- 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,杨凌 712100
- 杨密密
- 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,杨凌 712100
- 李忠徽
- 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,杨凌 712100
- 王旭东
- 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,杨凌 712100;农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室,杨凌 712100
- 摘要：以牛粪、菌糠、鸡粪等为材料按照两种比例调配为混合基质,在添加或不添加发酵启动剂的条件下在发酵罐中进行为期38 d的堆肥发酵试验,研究4种处理方式下畜禽粪便腐解过程中有机碳及其组分的变化,同时通过综合发芽指数(GI)评判腐解物料的腐熟度,确定GI与有机碳组分的关系.结果表明,添加发酵启动剂可以加速有机物质的降解,使水溶性有机碳和有机酸的含量下降(比初始值含量分别下降了41.85%、85.18%),促进类富里酸向胡敏酸转化,使畜禽粪便达到快速腐熟.在两种物料配比下,较高比例的牛粪不利于堆肥物质的分解和腐熟.根据达到腐熟要求的标准(GI＞0.8),当TOC＜357.27 g·kg-1,DOC＜7.00 g·kg-1 ,FA＜6.45 g·kg-1,腐解后期物料的红外光谱在1020 cm-1、1427 cm-1出现较为尖锐的峰值,即碳酸盐和硝酸盐含量增加,且草酸大幅度下降时,可以认为有机物料达到完全腐熟.当牛粪、菌糠、鸡粪的混合体积比为1 ∶ 1 ∶ 1时,在添加发酵启动剂条件下有机物料在腐解29 d时达到以上腐熟指标.
- Abstract：In order to study the influence of manure composting on changes of organic carbon and its fractions,a 38 d composting experiment was condu-cted with two different proportions of cow manure,chicken manure,and fungus chaff as mixed media,each formula amended with or without ferme-ntation activator.The maturity degree of composted materials was estimated by GI (integrated germination index) and the relationship between GI and organic carbon fractions was developed in this study.The results showed that fermentation activator promoted the decomposition of org-anic materials,reduced the contents of water-soluble organic carbon and organic acids by 41.85% and 85.18% respectively,and promoted the tra-nsformation of FA into HA,therefore accelerated the decomposing process of organic materials.High percentage of cow manure slowed down the decay of composting materials,resulting in longer time to reach their composting maturity.When GI>0.8,the TOC,DOC and FA were less than 357.27 g · kg-1,7.00 g · kg-1 and 6.45 g · kg-1,respectively,and sharp absorbing peak of FTIR showed up at 1020 cm-1 and 1427 cm-1 during the late stage of decomposition,suggesting increased carbonate and nitrate contents and greatly dropped oxalic acid.These changes could be considered as the quantified standard in estimating maturity degree.Based on this standard, the treatment with the formula of cow manure:fungus chaff:chicken manure of 1 ∶ 1 ∶ 1 reached its maturity by 29 days with ferm-entation activator addition.
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