• 关键词：牛粪  低温复合菌剂  堆肥

• 基金项目：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(No.CARS-38);2013年公益性行业(农业)科研专项(No.201303091)

• 高云航
• 吉林农业大学动物科技学院, 长春 130118

• 勾长龙
• 吉林农业大学动物科技学院, 长春 130118

• 王雨琼
• 吉林农业大学动物科技学院, 长春 130118

• 王巍
• 吉林农业大学动物科技学院, 长春 130118

• 赵晗旭
• 吉林农业大学动物科技学院, 长春 130118

• 娄玉杰
• 吉林农业大学动物科技学院, 长春 130118

• 摘要：为了探明低温复合菌剂对牛粪堆肥发酵的影响,开发出适合东北寒区堆肥发酵的微生物菌剂.本研究在0 ℃以下以牛粪、秸秆为原料,分别设置接种低温复合菌剂堆肥、接种常温菌剂堆肥和自然堆肥3个处理,测定了堆肥过程中温度、pH、C/N、全磷、铵态氮、硝态氮和种子发芽指数的动态变化.试验结果表明,接种低温复合菌剂组第11 d进入高温期(>50 ℃),比接种常温菌剂组提前了14 d,最高温度达62 ℃,高温期维持了9 d,而自然堆肥组一直未进入高温期.至堆肥结束时,接种低温复合菌剂组和接种常温菌剂组的最终pH分别为7.17、7.24;C/N均降到20以下,分别为16.10、15.67;全磷的变化无明显差异;种子发芽指数分别为92%和85%.添加菌剂组较自然堆肥组铵态氮含量明显降低,硝态氮含量增高.综上所述,接种低温复合菌剂可以在低温下促进堆肥迅速起温,并保证了堆肥的腐熟质量.

• Abstract：This experiment was designed to study the effects of the cold-adapted complex microbial agents at low temperature on cow dung compost fermentation, which provided basis for developing microorganisms agent suitable for the northeast compost fermentation. The experiment was conducted under 0 ℃ with cow dung and straw as experimental materials. The cold-adapted complex microbial agents (A), mesophilic microbial agents (B) was inoculated in two group compost, respectively. The third group (C) was natural compost. During the experiment, temperature, pH, C/N, total P, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, and the seed germination rate were measured. The results showed that group A got into the high temperature period (>50 ℃) on the 11^th d, which was 14 d ahead of group B. The highest temperature was 62 ℃,and the high temperature period kept 9 d, while group C had never got into the high temperature period. At the end of experiment, pH of group A and group B was 7.17 and 7.24, respectively. The ratios of C/N of both groups were 16.10 and 15.67, respectively. The level of total phosphorus showed no difference. The seed germination index was 92% and 85%, respectively. The level of ammonium nitrogen of group A and group B significantly decreased compared with group C, while the level of nitrate nitrogen increased. In conclusion, the cold-adapted complex microbial agents can promote the elevation of temperature of compost rapidly in the low temperature, and ensure the quality of the rotten of compost.

• Key words：cattle manure  cold-adapted complex microbial agents  compost

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