• 关键词：烟花爆竹  细颗粒物  气态污染物  粒径分布  化学组分

• 基金项目：环保公益性行业科研专项（No. 201409008，201209007，201209001）；中科院大气灰霾追因与控制专项（No. XDB020300）；上海市科委资助项目（No. 11231200500）；上海市重大科技专项（No. 沪环科2013-03）；浙江省重大科技专项（No. 2011C13022）

• 乔利平
• 上海市环境科学研究院国家环境保护城市大气复合污染成因与防治重点实验室, 上海 200233

• 摘要：利用在线多参数高分辨观测手段对2013年春节期间上海市的两场烟花爆竹燃放事件进行了观测，获得了烟花爆竹燃放期间大气中气态污染物和颗粒物（PM）的主要化学组成、质量浓度、数浓度、体积浓度及粒径分布等.结果表明，燃放烟花爆竹对PM和SO₂的影响最为显著，对NO_x和CO的影响较弱；烟花爆竹燃放期间，PM_2.5中K⁺、Cl^-、Mg²⁺的浓度增加最为显著，其次为SO₄^2-，OC、EC、Ca²⁺有一定增加，而对NO₃^-和NH₄⁺影响尚不明确；燃放烟花爆竹产生的大气颗粒物以0.1~0.5 μm的颗粒为主，其数浓度贡献率超过60%，其次为20~100 nm的颗粒，而在非燃放时段则以20~100 nm为主，其次为0.1~0.5 μm；颗粒物体积浓度以0.1~0.5 μm为主，其次为0.5~1.0 μm，两者的贡献与非燃放时段没有明显差异.燃放时段具有较高的K/S质量比（1.20~4.33），远高于非燃放时段（0.10~0.80），与典型黑火药的K/S比相印证.

• Abstract：Field observations of air pollution were conducted in Shanghai during the Chinese New Year celebrations in 2013, which was aimed at revealing the chemical and physical characteristics of atmospheric pollutants during the firework episodes. High time-resolution observation methods were applied to measure concentrations of gaseous pollutants and particulate matter (PM), as well as major chemical compositions, number size and volume size distributions of atmospheric particles. It was indicated that the firework activities severely affected the PM and SO₂ concentrations in the ambient air while the impact on the NO_x and CO concentrations was small. The burning activities contributed significantly to the increase of primary components such as K⁺, Cl^- and Mg²⁺ in fine particles (PM_2.5). The concentrations of SO₄^2-, OC, EC and Ca²⁺in PM_2.5 also obviously increased while the increment of NO₃^- and NH₄⁺ was little. The number concentration of particles during the firework episodes was dominated by the small accumulation mode particles of 0.1~0.5 μm and the Aitken mode particles of 20~100 nm, accounting for ~60% and 36% of the total number concentration, respectively. During the non-burning period, the contribution to the total number concentration of small accumulation mode particles of 0.1~0.5 μm was higher than the Aitken mode particles of 20~100 nm. The volume concentration of particles was mainly composed of small accumulation mode particles of 0.1~0.5 μm and the large accumulation mode particles of 0.5~1.0 μm. The contributions of each mode to the volume concentration during the burning and the non-burning periods showed little difference. The mass ratio of K to S in PM_2.5 ranged from 1.20 to 4.33 in the burning periods which was distinctly higher than the value of 0.10~0.80 in the non-burning periods, revealing a good consistency with the high K/S ratio in black powders.

• Key words：fireworks  fine particles  gaseous pollutants  size distribution  chemical composition

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