莫梓伟,邵敏,陆思华.中国挥发性有机物（VOCs）排放源成分谱研究进展[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(9):2179-2189
中国挥发性有机物（VOCs）排放源成分谱研究进展
- Review on volatile organic compounds (VOCs) source profiles measured in China
- 基金项目：国家自然科学基金重点项目（No.413300088）；国家杰出青年科学基金（No. 41125018）
- 莫梓伟
- 环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室, 北京大学环境科学与工程学院, 北京 100871
- 邵敏
- 环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室, 北京大学环境科学与工程学院, 北京 100871
- 陆思华
- 环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室, 北京大学环境科学与工程学院, 北京 100871
- 摘要：我国VOCs排放来源多、排放成分复杂.排放源成分谱是识别VOCs排放源特征的基本信息，对开展我国大气复合污染研究及制定污染控制策略具有重要意义.本文在介绍排放源成分谱的测量方法和总结我国排放源成分谱测量结果的基础上，阐述了典型排放源VOCs成分谱组分特征.不完全燃烧产物（烯烃和醛酮类）是机动车尾气的重要组分，烯烃在我国油品挥发成分谱中的比例较高，含氧VOCs在溶剂使用源和燃烧排放源中不容忽视，化学组分复杂是工业排放的重要特征.文章还指出了源谱研究的不足之处，主要包括源谱采集与测试方法不规范、测量结果质量难以保证及评价、含氧VOCs组分关注不够、工业排放源成分谱缺失等.从源谱的测量方法、测量组分和数据后处理等方面进行规范化，继续加强机动车排放研究，开展石油化工等工业源谱测量，构建我国本地化VOCs源谱数据库将是今后重要研究工作.
- Abstract：VOC emissions in China have diverse sources with complicated chemical speciation. The VOC source profiles are basic information for characterizing source emissions, and hence are essential to understand the mechanisms of air pollution complex as well as to formulate cost-effective control measures. This paper summarized the methods and results of source profile measurement in China. The species from incomplete combustion (alkenes and carbonyls) were major constitutions for vehicular exhaust emissions. The alkene contents were high in fuel evaporation while oxygenated VOCs were important from emissions of solvent use and combustion processes. Industrial emissions differed largely in VOC speciation. The main shortcomings of current study on VOC source profiles were also summarized, namely the measurement protocols were not standardized, the quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) procedures were not yet established, and the oxygenated VOCs were generally missing while the industrial source profiles remained unclear. We recommend more measurements on vehicular emissions, petrochemical industrial sources and localized VOC source profiles for future researches.
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