• 关键词：浮土  土质路  径流  产沙  模拟降雨

• 基金项目：水利部公益性行业专项（No.201201047，201201048）；中国科学院西部行动计划项目（No.KZCX2-XB3-13）；黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室专项（No.10502-T1）

• 李建明
• 1. 西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所, 黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室, 杨凌 712100

• 秦伟
• 2. 中国水利水电科学研究院泥沙研究所, 北京 100044

• 左长清
• 2. 中国水利水电科学研究院泥沙研究所, 北京 100044

• 王文龙
• 1. 西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所, 黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室, 杨凌 712100;3. 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所, 杨凌 712100

• 郭明明
• 1. 西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所, 黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室, 杨凌 712100

• 摘要：目前关于道路侵蚀的研究较多，但针对土质路浮土侵蚀规律的研究尚未见报道，且浮土侵蚀由于浮土颗粒的特殊性质，与农地、撂荒地及道路侵蚀等有较大区别.因此，本文采用室内人工模拟降雨的方法，研究了黄土高原土质路浮土侵蚀规律.结果表明：1大坡度、大雨强时产流起始时间随浮土厚度的增大差异较小，并与雨强、坡度呈显著线性关系，坡度2°时产流时间较其他坡度滞后36.23%~52.57%，随雨强增大，产流起始时间可缩短38.57%~72.89%，开始侵蚀土质路路面发生在小区出口处.2径流量在产流开始后3 min内显著递增，增幅可达692.59%，该过程主要发生在单独浮土侵蚀时段，达到混合侵蚀时段后径流量趋于相对稳定，随雨强增大而递增，幅度可达29.84%~177.81%.开始侵蚀路面临界时间点随雨强的增大而提前，随浮土厚度的增大而滞后.3侵蚀速率在产流开始后9 min时出现转折，在此之前的单独浮土侵蚀时段波动剧烈，混合侵蚀时段在大坡度下随降雨过程持续递增，小坡度下趋于相对稳定.421 min时总径流量随雨强增大而递增，坡度对21 min时总侵蚀量影响显著，递增幅度可达15.44%~229.00%.本研究结果阐明了土质路浮土侵蚀规律，可为综合治理道路及浮土侵蚀，改善当地环境质量提供科学依据.

• Abstract：Erosion process for earth road regolith is rarely reported. Due to their special characteristics of regolith particles, erosion processes on earth road regolith are different from those on farmland, wasteland and road. In this study, the regolith erosion processes were investigated with indoor artificially simulated rainfall. Results showed that 1 at high rainfall intensity and large slope degree, runoff generating time changed little with increasing regolith thickness and had a significantly linear relationship with rainfall intensity and slope degree. Compared with other slope degrees, runoff generating time lagged behind by 36.23%~52.57% on 2° slope. Moreover, with increasing rainfall intensity, runoff generating time was reduced by 38.57%~72.89% and surface erosion on earth road occurred first near plot outlet.2Runoff volume increased significantly 3 minutes after runoff generating and its increment rate was up to 692.59%.This increase occurred mainly in the regolith erosion alone stage. In the earth road and regolith erosion mixed stage, runoff volume tended to be relatively stable and its increment rates were 29.84%~177.81% with increasing rainfall intensity. The critical time for road surface erosion was advanced with increasing rainfall intensity, but lagged behind with increasing regolith thickness. 3 Erosion rate changed 9 min after runoff generating. It fluctuated prominently and belonged to the "regolith erosion alone stage". In the mixed erosion stage, however, it showed a continuous increase with time at large slope degree and tended to be relatively stable at small slope degree.4 The total runoff volume within 21 min increased with increasing rainfall intensity. Slope had a significant effect on the total erosion within 21 min, with the increment rates up to 15.44%~229.00%. The results illustrated the erosion processes on earth road regolith and provided scientific reference for the comprehensive management of road and regolith erosion and the improvement of local environmental quality.

• Key words：regolith  earth road  runoff yield  sediment yield  simulated rainfall

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