• 关键词：春节期间  烟花爆竹  空气质量  PM_2.5  化学组分

• 基金项目：北京市科技计划课题(No.Z131100006113009);环保公益性行业科研专项(No.201409005)

• 王占山
• 北京市环境保护监测中心, 北京 100048

• 张大伟
• 北京市环境保护监测中心, 北京 100048

• 李云婷
• 北京市环境保护监测中心, 北京 100048

• 冯鹏
• 北京市环境保护监测中心, 北京 100048

• 董欣
• 北京市环境保护监测中心, 北京 100048

• 孙瑞雯
• 北京市环境保护监测中心, 北京 100048

• 潘丽波
• 中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室, 北京 100012

• 摘要：对2014年1月30日(除夕)13时到1月31日(初一)12时期间北京市官园、怀柔和良乡监测站的CO、SO₂、NO_x、PM₁₀、PM_2.5浓度及PM_2.5化学组分和能见度等监测数据进行分析,探讨了污染源减排和烟花爆竹燃放对北京市空气质量的叠加影响.研究发现,烟花爆竹的集中燃放会在短时间内造成严重的大气污染,其中,对PM₁₀、PM_2.5和SO₂的影响最为显著.官园、怀柔和良乡监测站在1月31日凌晨1时的PM₁₀浓度值分别为377.8、253.2和627.0 μg·m^-3,分别为1、2月份平均值的2.4、2.0和3.6倍;PM_2.5浓度值分别为292.0、184.7和522.4 μg·m^-3,分别为1、2月份平均值的2.1、1.5和3.2倍.烟花爆竹的燃放对PM_2.5化学组分中的K⁺、SO₄^2-、Cl^-、Mg²⁺和Na⁺等影响最大,1月31日凌晨1时这5种离子在PM_2.5浓度中占的比例高达92.1%.烟花爆竹的燃放造成1月31日凌晨1时监测中心和良乡的能见度分别降至2422 m和3591 m,是1、2月份能见度均值的22.9%和32.8%.2010-2014年"春节半月"期间官园、怀柔和良乡PM₁₀平均浓度大多低于冬季均值和年均值,2014年"春节半月"这3个监测站的PM_2.5浓度相比于冬季均值分别下降了33.3%、20.6%和39.2%,表明污染源减排对空气质量的正影响非常明显.

• Abstract：Monitoring data from 13:00 on January 30 to 12:00 on January 31, 2014, including concentrations of CO, SO₂, NO_x, PM₁₀, and PM_2.5, and the chemical characteristics of PM_2.5 as well as visibility from Guanyuan, Huairou and Liangxiang automatic air quality monitoring stations in Beijing were analyzed to investigate the combined impacts of pollutants reduction and emissions from fireworks on the air quality. The results showed that fireworks resulted in severe air pollution in a short time and had a significant impact on PM₁₀, PM_2.5 and SO₂. At 1:00 on January 31, PM₁₀ concentrations at Guanyuan, Huairou and Liangxiang stations reached 377.8 μg·m^-3, 253.2 μg·m^-3 and 627.0 μg·m^-3, which were 2.4, 2.0 and 3.6 times higher than the average concentration in January and February, respectively. PM_2.5 concentrations reached 292.0 μg·m^-3, 184.7 μg·m^-3 and 522.4 μg·m^-3, which were 2.1, 1.5 and 3.2 times higher than the average concentration in January and February, respectively. Fireworks had great influence on the chemical composition of PM_2.5, especially on the potassium, sulfate, chloride, magnesium and sodium ions, which accounted for 92.1% of the total PM_2.5 mass concentration at 1:00 on January 31. Fireworks also reduced visibility. The visibility at Beijing Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center and Liangxiang station was 2422 m and 3591 m at 1:00 on January 31, which was 22.9% and 32.8% of the average visibility of January and February, respectively. In most cases, PM₁₀ concentration at Guanyuan, Huairou and Liangxiang stations in the half month of Spring Festival was lower than the average concentration in winter and the annual average concentration from 2010 to 2014. PM_2.5 concentration at Guanyuan, Huairou and Liangxiang stations in the half month of Spring Festival decreased by 33.3%, 20.6% and 39.2% compared to the average concentration in winter. It can be concluded that reduction of pollutants had a positive significant impact on air quality in Beijing.

• Key words：Spring Festival period  fireworks  air quality  PM_2.5  chemical characteristics

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