杨东,刘晶茹,杨建新,丁宁.基于生命周期评价的风力发电机碳足迹分析[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(3):927-934
基于生命周期评价的风力发电机碳足迹分析
- Carbon footprint of wind turbine by life cycle assessment
- 基金项目：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(No.XDA05140200)
- 杨东
- 中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室, 北京 100085
- 刘晶茹
- 中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室, 北京 100085
- 杨建新
- 中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室, 北京 100085
- 丁宁
- 中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室, 北京 100085
- 摘要：本文以我国市场占用率最高的2 MW双馈式风力发电机为研究对象,采用生命周期评价(LCA)方法,核算其全生命周期过程的碳足迹和总能量需求,分析风力发电机不同生命周期阶段的环境影响,识别其减碳潜力.研究结果表明,风力发电机生产阶段、运输阶段、运行阶段和废弃处理处置阶段的碳足迹(以CO2-eq计,下同)分别为1701 t、61 t、255 t和-325 t;各生命周期阶段的总能量需求分别为10413 GJ、701 GJ、1561.95 GJ和-1081 GJ.风力发电机的碳足迹和总能量需求主要来源于生产阶段,废弃处理处置阶段材料的回收利用有效的降低了生命周期的碳足迹和总能量需求.生产阶段的碳足迹和总能量需求分别占全生命周期碳足迹和总能量需求的101%和90%;废弃处置阶段对碳足迹和总能量需求的贡献为-19%和-10%.每1kWh风力发电的碳足迹和总能量需求分别为20.7 g和0.14 MJ,风力发电机的能量回收期为0.79年.敏感性分析表明,风力发电机的质量和废弃处置阶段的金属回收率都是风力发电机总能量需求和碳足迹的影响因素.
- Abstract：In this paper, 2MW wind turbine with a doubly-fed induction generator is studied by life cycle assessment (LCA) method. A quantitative evaluation on carbon footprint and cumulative energy demand (CED) in the whole life cycle of the wind turbine is conducted. The result showed that carbon footprint of wind turbine on the manufacturing process, transportation process, running process and end of life process are 1701 t, 61 t, 255 t and -325 t, respectively, and the CED are 10413 GJ, 701 GJ, 1561.95 GJ and -1081 GJ, respectively. The manufacturing process is the ‘hot spot' for carbon footprint and CED, contributing 101% and 90% in the whole life cycle. The end of life process is a key process and contributes -19% for carbon footprint and -10% for CED, which is largely due to the recovery of materials. The carbon footprint and CED of 1kWh electricity generating by wind power are 20.7 g and 0.14 MJ, respectively. Based on the sensitivity analysis, mass of the wind turbine and recovery rate of metals in the end of life process are identified as the key driving forces for carbon footprint and cumulative energy demand of wind turbine.
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