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Emission characteristics of exhaust PM_2.5 and its carbonaceous components from China Ⅰ to China Ⅲ heavy-duty diesel vehicles

基金项目：北京市科技计划项目(No.Z121100000312035);国家环境保护公益性行业科研专项项目(No.201209002,201409013)

摘要：机动车排放是大气PM_2.5污染的主要来源之一,而在机动车排放的PM_2.5中,约80%以上来自重型柴油车.为了研究重型柴油车尾气PM_2.5及其碳质组分的排放特征,本研究基于车载排放测试系统(PEMS),对7辆不同排放阶段的重型柴油车进行了尾气PM_2.5采样分析,并进一步分析了PM_2.5中的OC和EC组分.结果显示,从国Ⅰ到国Ⅲ阶段,重型柴油车PM_2.5排放因子分别为(0.466±0.300)g·km^-1、(0.112±0.025)g·km^-1和(0.056±0.034)g·km^-1,表明随着排放标准的加严,测试车辆的尾气PM_2.5排放因子呈现显著的下降趋势.行驶工况对重型柴油车尾气PM_2.5及其碳质组分排放存在较大影响,PM_2.5排放因子在高速和市区工况下相对较高,而在市郊工况下则较低;OC和EC的比值在市区工况下为(2.86±1.07):1,而在市郊和高速工况下为(0.97±0.49):1.

Abstract：Vehicle emissions are one of the main sources of ambient air PM_2.5 pollution. More than 80% of the vehicular PM_2.5 emissions are from heavy-duty diesel vehicles (HDDVs). In order to study the emission characteristics of PM_2.5 and its carbonaceous components from HDDVs, portable emission measurement system (PEMS) was used to test the PM_2.5 emissions from seven HDDVs meeting different emission standards on the real road, and its OC and EC components were also analyzed. The results show that the PM_2.5 emission factors are (0.466±0.300) g·km^-1, (0.112±0.025) g·km^-1, and (0.056±0.034) g·km^-1 for China Ⅰ to China Ⅲ HDDVs, respectively, which indicates a declining trend in PM_2.5 emission factors with the tightening of emission standards. Driving cycles also have an impact on the emission factors of PM_2.5 and its carbonaceous components of HDDVs. PM_2.5 emission factor is relatively high at the driving conditions on freeway and urban roads whereas lower on suburban roads. The ratio of OC vs. EC is (2.86±1.07):1 on urban roads, while the ratio is (0.97±0.49):1 on suburban roads and freeway.