• 关键词：稀土元素  土壤  水体  农作物  健康风险评价  稀土矿区

• 基金项目：江西省科技计划项目(No.20142BAB203026);中科院院地合作项目;国家自然科学基金面上项目(No.21377152);江西省科学院省级重点实验室开放基金项目(No.2012-KLB-1,2013-KLB-08)

• 金姝兰
• 上饶师范学院, 上饶 334000

• 黄益宗
• 农业部环境保护科研监测所, 天津 300191

• 胡莹
• 中国科学院生态环境研究中心, 北京 100085

• 乔敏
• 中国科学院生态环境研究中心, 北京 100085

• 王小玲
• 江西省科学院生物资源研究所, 南昌 330096

• 王斐
• 中国科学院生态环境研究中心, 北京 100085

• 李季
• 中国科学院生态环境研究中心, 北京 100085

• 向猛
• 中国科学院生态环境研究中心, 北京 100085

• 徐峰
• 中国科学院生态环境研究中心, 北京 100085

• 摘要：研究了江西省典型稀土矿区龙南县重稀土矿区土壤、水体和主要农作物中稀土元素的含量,并评价了稀土元素对人体产生的健康风险.结果表明,矿区土壤中稀土元素含量在538.73~1625.76 mg · kg^-1之间,平均值为976.94 mg · kg^-1,分别是江西省和全国土壤稀土元素含量背景值的4.53倍和5.09倍.矿区河水稀土元素浓度达55.72 mg · L^-1,为对照区河水稀土元素浓度的8974.7倍.井水中稀土元素浓度为0.033 mg · L^-1,是对照区井水稀土元素浓度的10.55倍.10种农作物稀土元素含量范围为1.04~78.57 mg · kg^-1,均超过我国蔬菜卫生标准稀土元素含量的限值(0.70 mg · kg^-1).不同农作物品种稀土元素含量的大小顺序为:小白菜>萝卜>红薯>包菜>紫芋>地瓜>芋头>辣椒>西红柿>稻米.参照美国环保局(USEPA)推荐的健康风险方法,评估了稀土元素经口摄入对人体产生的健康风险,发现矿区居民通过农作物和井水摄入的稀土元素日均摄入量的总和为295.33 μg · kg^-1 · d^-1,远高于稀土元素对人体亚临床损害剂量的临界值,说明稀土元素对矿区居民身体健康产生了严重的威胁.小白菜和萝卜对矿区居民食物日均稀土元素摄入量的贡献率高达76.92%,建议当地居民改变传统的种植模式和饮食结构,少种植和食用小白菜和萝卜,选择对稀土元素具有低积累的农作物品种,以降低稀土元素对人体健康的危害.

• Abstract：The rare earth elements content and health risk assessment of soil, water and main crops in rare earth mine area in Longnan County, Jiangxi Province were studied. The results showed that rare earth element contents in mining soil was in a range between 538.73~1625.76 mg · kg^-1, with an average of 976.94 mg · kg^-1.It was 4.53 times and 5.09 times the background value of soil rare earth elements in Jiangxi Province and China, respectively. The average content of rare earth elements in rivers was 55.72 mg · L^-1, 8974.7 times the rivers' rare earth elements content in the control region. The average content of rare earth elements in the well water was 0.033 mg · L^-1, 10.55 times the content in well water from the control region. The rare earth elements content of 10 crops were in the range of 1.04~78.57 mg · kg^-1, higher than the limit content of rare earth elements in Chinese vegetable sanitation standard (0.70 mg · kg^-1). The rare earth elements content of different crop types was in the order of pakchoi>radish>sweet potato>cabbage> purple taro>pachyrhizus>taro>chili>tomato>rice. Applying the health risk assessment method recommended by the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency(USEPA), we found that the residents’ lifelong average daily intake of rare earth elements in rare earth mining area was 295.33 μg · kg^-1 · d^-1, far higher than the critical value harmful to human health. Pakchoi and radish contributed 76.92% of the total rare earth elements for the fool daily intake of the mining area residents, so it issuggested that cropping and traditional dietpatterns should change, with less intake ofpakchoi and radish and more selection of crop typeswith low accumulation of rare earth elements. These measures could reduce the damage of rare earth elements to human health.

• Key words：rare earth elements  soil  water  crops  health risk assessment  rare earth mine area

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