刘建梅,刘济宁,陈英文,王蕾,沈树宝.四溴双酚A和三溴苯酚对大型溞的急性和慢性毒性[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(6):1946-1954
四溴双酚A和三溴苯酚对大型溞的急性和慢性毒性
- Acute and chronic toxicity of Tetrabromobisphenol A and Tribromophenol to Daphnia magna
- 基金项目：国家高技术研究发展计划项目(No.2013AA06A308);科研院所技术开发研究专项
- 刘建梅
- 1. 南京工业大学生物与制药工程学院, 南京 210009;2. 环境保护部南京环境科学研究所, 南京 210042
- 刘济宁
- 环境保护部南京环境科学研究所, 南京 210042
- 陈英文
- 南京工业大学生物与制药工程学院, 南京 210009
- 王蕾
- 环境保护部南京环境科学研究所, 南京 210042
- 沈树宝
- 南京工业大学生物与制药工程学院, 南京 210009
- 摘要：为了明确四溴双酚A和三溴苯酚两种溴系阻燃剂对水生生物的生态危害,测定对比了四溴双酚A和三溴苯酚对大型溞的急性毒性(48 h-LC50,48 h半数致死浓度)和慢性毒性(包括21 d繁殖量、内禀增长率、净生殖率毒性影响的EC5(5%效应浓度)或NOEC(最高无效应浓度)等),在此基础上采用评估因子法外推四溴双酚A和三溴苯酚的预测无效应浓度(PNEC).毒性测试结果表明,四溴双酚A和三溴苯酚对大型溞21 d敏感繁殖毒性终点EC5(内禀增长率、净生殖率)均比48 h急性毒性LC50低2个数量级,且低于其对繁殖量毒性影响的NOEC.危害评估结果显示,三溴苯酚和四溴双酚A基于慢性毒性的PNEC低于基于急性毒性的PNEC.以繁殖量、内禀增长率和净生殖率毒性危害的EC5值作为大型溞繁殖毒性指标可能比NOEC更能敏感地表征化学品对溞类的危害,四溴双酚A和三溴苯酚对大型溞的慢性繁殖毒性作用相比急性毒性作用更应引起关注,采用以慢性毒性数据为基础的危害评估结果可以较好地保护物种的安全.
- Abstract：To confirm the ecological hazard of two brominated flame retardants—Tetrabromobisphenol A(TBBA) and Tribromophenol(TBP) on Daphnia magna, the acute toxicity(48 h-LC50) and the chronic toxicity(21 d-EC5 or NOEC for reproduction, intrinsic rate of increase and net reproductive rate) were tested and compared. Depending on the test results, we applied assessment factors to extrapolate the predicted no effect concentration(PNEC) for both chemicals. Results of toxicity tests showed that for both TBBA and TBP, 21 d-EC5 values for intrinsic rate of increase and net reproductive rate were one or two orders of magnitude lower than 48 h-LC50, which were also lower than the 21 d-NOEC value for reproduction. Hazard assessment of TBBA and TBP indicated that the chronic toxicity-based PNEC value was lower than the acute toxicity-based PNEC. The indicator of EC5 for reproduction, intrinsic rate of increase and net reproductive rate might be more sensitive in the toxicity characterization of TBBA and TBP on Daphnia magna than that of NOEC. More emphasis should be placed on the chronic toxicity of TBBA and TBP than the acute toxicity, the PNEC derived from chronic toxicity data can adequately protect the population of daphnia magna.
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