仇帅,张爱滨,刘明.青岛大气总悬浮颗粒物中微量元素的含量特征及其来源解析[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(6):1667-1675
青岛大气总悬浮颗粒物中微量元素的含量特征及其来源解析
- Concentrations and origins of trace elements in the atmospheric total suspended particulates in Qingdao, China
- 基金项目：国家自然科学基金(No.41176097,41210008)
- 仇帅
- 1. 中国海洋大学海洋环境与生态教育部重点实验室, 青岛 266100;2. 中国海洋大学环境科学与工程学院, 青岛 266100
- 张爱滨
- 中国海洋大学海洋地球科学学院, 青岛 266100
- 刘明
- 中国海洋大学海洋地球科学学院, 青岛 266100
- 摘要：利用2012年12月在青岛连续采集的31个总悬浮颗粒物样品(TSP),分析了其中13种微量元素的浓度,讨论了微量元素的浓度特征,并运用正矩阵因子分析法(PMF)定量解析了气溶胶中元素的来源.结果表明,青岛气溶胶中微量元素的总浓度为(7.37±4.19)μg · m-3,以Al和Fe的浓度最高,对总浓度的贡献约为92%,其次为Zn和Pb,分别贡献了3.7%和1.6%,Mn、Ba、Cu、Sr、As、V、Cd、Co和Cs的浓度依次降低,其贡献均低于1%.依据富集因子这些微量元素可以分为3类,Al、Fe、Mn、Co、V、Sr和Ba主要来自地壳源的贡献,Cs和Cu受地壳源和人为源的共同影响,Zn、As、Pb和Cd则主要受人为源的影响.雾霾天时主要来自人为源的元素相比地壳源的元素更多的在大气中累积,雨雪天时降雨/雪对地壳元素的湿清除作用明显高于人为源的元素.12月青岛气溶胶中Fe和Mn主要来自土壤源的贡献,其次为生物质燃烧和机动车一次排放源;Co主要来自土壤源、生物质燃烧和燃煤源的贡献;Zn主要来自机动车一次排放源、土壤源和生物质燃烧源的贡献;Cu则主要来自冶金工业源的贡献;As主要来自燃煤源的贡献;Pb和Cd主要来自机动车一次排放源和冶金工业源的贡献.
- Abstract：31 daily total suspended particulate (TSP) samples were collected in December, 2012 in Qingdao. Thirteen trace elements in these samples were analyzed to characterize their concentration levels. The results showed that the total concentration of all trace elements was (7.37±4.19) μg·m-3. Al and Fe were the most abundant elements which contributed approximately 92% to the total concentration, followed by Zn (3.7%) and Pb (1.6%). The remaining nine elements respectively contributed <1% to the total concentration and they ranked as Mn>Ba>Cu>Sr>As>V>Cd>Co>Cs in a decreasing order. The calculated Enrichment Factor values suggested that these thirteen trace elements can be divided into three groups, i.e., ① Al, Fe, Mn, Co, V, Sr and Ba probably from crust sources; ② Cs and Cu as a combination of crust and anthropogenic sources; and ③ Zn, As, Pb and Cd from anthropogenic sources. The positive matrix factorization (PMF) receptor model was further used to apportion the sources of particulate trace elements. PMF analysis revealed that Fe and Mn in TSP were mainly derived from soil source, followed by biomass burning and vehicle primary emission; Co was mainly derived from soil source, biomass burning and coal burning; Zn was mainly originated from vehicle primary emission, soil source and biomass burning; Cu was mainly derived from metal smelting and As was from coal burning; and vehicle primary emission and metal smelting were the dominate contributor to Pb and Cd. In the hazy days, the elements from anthropogenic sources were more accumulated than those from crust sources. The trace elements from crust sources were scavenged more efficiently by wet precipitation, comparing to those from anthropogenic sources.
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