徐慧,邓君俊,邢振雨,陈进生.厦门不同功能区VOCs的污染特征及健康风险评价[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(9):2701-2709
厦门不同功能区VOCs的污染特征及健康风险评价
- Pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of VOCs in different functional zones of Xiamen
- 基金项目：中国科学院重点部署项目(No.KIZD-EW-TZ-G06-02);福建省自然科学基金(No.2013J05064);中国科学院知识创新工程青年人才领域前沿项目(No.IUEQN201308)
- 徐慧
- 中国科学院城市环境研究所, 厦门 361021
- 邓君俊
- 中国科学院城市环境研究所, 厦门 361021
- 邢振雨
- 中国科学院城市环境研究所, 厦门 361021
- 陈进生
- 中国科学院城市环境研究所, 厦门 361021
- 摘要：为了解厦门市不同功能区大气中挥发性有机物(VOCs)的污染特征和健康风险,于2014年3—8月在厦门市开展大气样品的采集,利用预浓缩系统和气相色谱质谱联用技术进行VOCs含量的定量分析,并采用美国EPA人体暴露风险评价方法对VOCs进行人群健康风险的初步评价.结果表明,各功能区VOCs的平均质量浓度差异较明显,表现为工业区(120.88 μg · m-3) >交通区(104.41 μg · m-3) >开发区(84.06 μg · m-3) >港口区(80.78 μg · m-3) >居民区(58.75 μg · m-3) >背景区(41.46 μg · m-3).背景区、居民区、交通区、开发区和港口区各类VOCs浓度均表现为烷烃 >芳香烃 >烯烃,工业区则表现为芳香烃 >烷烃 >烯烃.除背景区外各功能区VOCs浓度在6月最低,而除工业区外各功能区浓度在8月最高.温度和风等气象因素是导致VOCs浓度变化的重要原因.苯、甲苯、乙苯、间,对二甲苯和邻二甲苯(BTEX)在各功能区总芳香烃中所占的比例为65.20%~78.73%.各功能区BTEX的非致癌风险均表现为甲苯< 乙苯< 邻二甲苯< 间,对二甲苯< 苯,在9.73×10-4~1.33×10-1之间,均在安全范围内,而苯的致癌风险在1.23×10-5~3.08×10-5之间,超出安全范围,存在较大的致癌风险.
- Abstract：Air pollutants were collected in six functional zones in Xiamen from March to August 2014 to investigate the characteristics and health risk of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Cryogenic pre-concentrator and gas chromatography-mass spectrum (GC-MS) and the health risk assessment method of US EPA were employed to evaluate the concentrations and health risk of ambient VOCs, respectively. Results showed that concentrations of VOCs varied significantly with functional zones. The mean concentrations in industrial area was the largest (120.88 μg · m-3), followed by traffic zone (104.41 μg · m-3), development zone (84.06 μg · m-3), port zone (80.78 μg · m-3), residential zone (58.75 μg · m-3), and background zone (41.46 μg · m-3). In traffic, development, port, residential and background areas, alkanes contributed the most to VOCs, followed by aromatics and olefins. In comparison, aromatics >alkanes >olefins appeared in industrial zone. Monthly average VOC concentrations were the lowest in June in all but the background zone and the highest in August in all but the industrial zone, which might be affected by the variations of meteorological factors. Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m/p-xylene and o-xylene (BTEX) accounted for 65.20%~78.73% of aromatics concentrations in different functional zones. The hazard quotient of BTEX was in the range of 9.73×10-4~1.33×10-1 and all bellow the reference level in all functional zones, showing as toluene o-xylene< m/p-xylene-5 to 3.08×10-5, which imposed relatively higher cancer risk on the exposed populations.
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