• 关键词：种植业  污染负荷  空间分布  三峡库区(重庆段)

• 基金项目：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项课题(No.2012ZX07104-003)

• 钟建兵
• 重庆师范大学地理与旅游学院, 重庆 400047

• 邵景安
• 重庆师范大学地理与旅游学院, 重庆 400047

• 杨玉竹
• 重庆师范大学地理与旅游学院, 重庆 400047

• 摘要：以土地利用、农户访谈等数据为基础,运用化肥施用强度、单位面积污染负荷和农作物类型指数等指标,在ARCGIS和逐步回归方法的支持下,对库区(重庆段)种植业污染负荷的空间分布特征进行分析.结果表明:①库区(重庆段)种植业单位面积施肥折纯量为TN 23.25 t·km^-2、TP 20.34 t·km^-2,由其产生的污染负荷总量较高,达3.54 t·km^-2;②种植业污染负荷总体展现出较大的空间差异,且这一分布与作物种植结构、种植业的集聚关系密切;③种植业距离区域中心点越近由施肥产生的污染负荷越高,具有"类点源"特征,且乡(镇)中心点较近区与较远区施肥产生污染负荷的空间分布差异比区(县)中心点的更显著;④(农作物类型指数、单位耕地面积产值和务农人员比例)、(农作物类型指数)和(单位耕地面积产值)分别对库区(重庆段)种植业污染负荷总量、TN和TP的影响较为显著;⑤除耕地流转外,其他因素对污染负荷总量、TN和TP均产生正向作用.

• Abstract：Due to the great influence of crop farming to water environment, it's significant to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of pollution load, which help to prevent and control non-source pollution in the Three Gorges Reservoir Areas. On the basis of statistic data of land use and farmer interview, and by using ARCGIS and stepwise regression method, this paper analyzes the spatial distribution characteristics of pollution load of crop farming in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area (Chongqing). The indicators include fertilizer use intensity, pollution load per unit area, and crop variety. The results indicate that: ① The pollution load caused by fertilizer in study area is quite high, reaching 3.54 t·km^-2; ② The spatial distribution of pollution load caused by crop farming varies a lot in study area, and it closely related to the farming variety and distribution; ③ The closer the farming area to the downtown, the heavier the pollution load, showing the distribution characteristics of "class-point source"; ④ The crop type index, proportion of agricultural workers, output value per unit area of arable land and farmland conversion rate have significant impact on total pollution load, TN and TP; ⑤ Other factors have positive impact on total pollution load, TN and TP except cultivated land circulation.

• Key words：Crop farming  non-point source pollution load  spatial distribution  Three Gorges Reservoir Area (Chongqing)

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