• 关键词：四环素类(TCs)抗生素  生态风险  迁移  降解产物

• 基金项目：国家杰出青年科学基金(No.51425902);中央事业单位基本科研业务费专项基金(No.Y913017)

• 郭晓
• 1. 中国科学院生态环境研究中心, 北京 100085;2. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

• 李国良
• 中国科学院生态环境研究中心, 北京 100085

• 刘孝利
• 中国科学院生态环境研究中心, 北京 100085

• 陈求稳
• 南京水利科学研究院生态环境研究中心, 南京 210029

• 摘要：为研究养殖业中四环素类(TCs)抗生素的使用对河流生态环境的影响,选取养殖业发达的江西省梅江流域作为研究区域,进行了养猪场规模及用药情况调查、水样采集与流域范围的沉积物样品采集.同时,利用固相萃取和超高效液相色谱-质谱联用测定了样品中11种TCs的浓度.结果显示,养猪场水样中TCs浓度在μg·L^-1级,流域沉积物中TCs含量在μg·kg^-1级.各子流域沉积物中大部分TCs含量与相应的养殖密度呈正相关关系.大多数TCs在小溪沉积物中的最大含量高于干流沉积物,说明TCs是从养猪场进入小溪流再逐渐迁移到干流中.3条支流(会同河、固厚河和琴江)的汇入都使得梅江干流沉积物中TCs含量增加,而梅江干流在没有支流汇入的区段从上游至下游TCs浓度呈衰减态势.四环素(Tetracycline,TC)和土霉素(Oxytetracycline,OTC)在迁移过程中主要的降解产物分别为差向四环素(4-Epitetracycline,ETC)和差向土霉素(4-Epioxytetracycline,EOTC),后两者同为差向异构化降解产物.尽管TCs在迁移过程中发生一定程度降解,但由于环境中养猪场的持续输入,使得TCs对河流生态系统仍然存在一定威胁.4-差向脱水四环素(4-Epianhydrotetracycline,EATC)等降解产物的浓度虽然低于其母体,但由于其环境毒性较大,因此,存在的生态风险不容忽视.

• Abstract：This study is focused on the Meijiang River catchment, which contains intensive poultry farming, to investigate the impact of tetracyclines (TCs) application on the river ecosystem. First, a survey of poultry scale and drug usage amount was conducted. The water and sediment samples were collected and extracted by solid phase extraction, and were analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric. The results showed that 11 kinds of TCs were found and TCs concentrations of water samples in pig farms were in micrograms per liter level, and TCs concentrations of sediments in the catchment were in μg·kg^-1 level. There was a positive correlation between most of TCs concentrations of sediments and the stocking density in related area. The maximum concentration of TCs were found in the tributary streams instead of the main river, indicating that TCs originated from the pig farms and then were gradually transported to the mainstream. The inflow from the three tributaries (Huitong stream, Guhou stream and Qinjiang stream) led to the increase of TCs concentrations of sediment in Meijiang River. The main degradation products of TC and OTC during transport were ETC and EOTC respectively. Despite of the degradation, TCs remain threat to the river ecosystem due to continuous input from the pig farms. Although the concentration of degradation products such as EATC was lower than their parents, the ecological risk was not negligible due to their high toxicity.

• Key words：Tetracyclines (TCs) antibiotics  ecological risk  transport  degradation products

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