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研究报告

吕任生,贾尔恒·阿哈提,赵晨曦,张清宇,马俊英,邓文叶,蔺尾燕.乌鲁木齐市城区机动车大气污染物排放特征[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(12):4061-4070

基金项目：国家自然科学基金(No.41465008);新疆自治区国际科技合作计划(No.20146009);新疆自治区科技支撑计划(No.201115136)

摘要：对乌鲁木齐市城区车辆信息(包括车流量和车辆构成、车辆控制技术水平、车辆行驶工况、车辆启动分布等)进行调研和测试,并根据IVE模型计算得到机动车污染物排放清单,获得分车型、燃料类型及启动/运行方式的机动车污染物排放分担率.结果表明:2011年乌鲁木齐市机动车CO、NO_x、HC和PM的排放量分别为20.22×10⁴、2.60×10⁴、1.84×10⁴和0.44×10⁴ t·a^-1,机动车污染物排放分担率差别显著,乘用车、公交车和重型货车是CO和HC主要排放源;重型货车和乘用车是NO_x的主要排放源;重型货车是PM的主要排放源.汽油车是CO和HC排放的主要来源,柴油车是NO_x和PM排放的主要来源,天然气车各类污染物排放量均较低.控制柴油重型货车是消减机动车污染物排放的重要方式.

Abstract：In this paper, the vehicle data including vehicle volume and distribution, control technology levels, driving patterns, and start-up patterns were investigated in the urban area of Urumqi. Based on this data, the vehicle emission inventory, the vehicle emission contribution rates of vehicle type, fuel type and start-up patterns were analyzed by using the IVE model. It was obtained that the total vehicle emissions of CO, NO_x, HC and PM were 20.22,2.60,1.84 and 4.4 million tons respectively in 2011 of Urumqi city. The results showed that there were significant differences in the emission contributions among different vehicle types:passenger car, bus and heavy truck were the main source CO and HC emissions, heavy truck and passenger car were the main source NO_x emissions, and heavy truck were the major contributions of PM; gasoline vehicle was the main source of CO and HC emissions, diesel vehicle was the main source of NO_x and PM emissions, while natural gas vehicle emissions of various pollutants were lower. Control of diesel truck is an important way to reduce vehicle emissions.