• 关键词：APEC  减排  空气质量  PM_2.5  化学组分  O₃

• 基金项目：北京市科技计划项目(No.Z131100005613046);环保公益性行业科研专项(No.201409005);国家科技支撑计划(No.2014BAC23B03)

• 王占山
• 1. 北京市环境保护监测中心, 北京 100048;2. 大气颗粒物监测技术北京市重点实验室, 北京 100048

• 李云婷
• 1. 北京市环境保护监测中心, 北京 100048;2. 大气颗粒物监测技术北京市重点实验室, 北京 100048

• 张大伟
• 1. 北京市环境保护监测中心, 北京 100048;2. 大气颗粒物监测技术北京市重点实验室, 北京 100048

• 陈添
• 北京市环境保护局, 北京 100044

• 孙峰
• 1. 北京市环境保护监测中心, 北京 100048;2. 大气颗粒物监测技术北京市重点实验室, 北京 100048

• 李令军
• 1. 北京市环境保护监测中心, 北京 100048;2. 大气颗粒物监测技术北京市重点实验室, 北京 100048

• 李金香
• 1. 北京市环境保护监测中心, 北京 100048;2. 大气颗粒物监测技术北京市重点实验室, 北京 100048

• 孙乃迪
• 1. 北京市环境保护监测中心, 北京 100048;2. 大气颗粒物监测技术北京市重点实验室, 北京 100048

• 陈晨
• 1. 北京市环境保护监测中心, 北京 100048;2. 大气颗粒物监测技术北京市重点实验室, 北京 100048

• 王步英
• 1. 北京市环境保护监测中心, 北京 100048;2. 大气颗粒物监测技术北京市重点实验室, 北京 100048

• 摘要：为研究区域性大气污染物减排措施对北京市空气质量的影响,结合地面观测的气象数据、能见度、常规污染物浓度和PM_2.5化学组分,对APEC会议期间北京市的空气质量进行分析.结果表明,APEC期间的11月4日和8-10日两个过程,大气污染物扩散条件较不利,易出现污染过程.APEC期间,密云、榆垡、昌平、奥体中心和西直门北大街5个站点SO₂、NO₂、O₃、PM₁₀和PM_2.5平均浓度分别为(8.0±8.0)、(37.4±21.6)、(36.0±22.5)、(67.7±43.4)和(48.6±42.2) μg·m^-3.与近5年同期(PM_2.5为去年同期)相比,SO₂、NO₂、PM₁₀和PM_2.5日均浓度分别下降了61.5%、40.8%、36.4%和47.1%,O₃日均浓度上升了101.8%.从污染物日变化规律来看,减排措施的环境效果在大气污染物扩散条件较有利的时段体现的更明显.在APEC期间,PM_2.5浓度在前半夜保持平稳,未出现积累峰值.与秋季非APEC期间相比,PM_2.5中大部分组分浓度均有明显下降,二次离子组分降幅尤为明显.同时,本文测算了APEC期间减排措施的"净环境效益",发现减排措施使得SO₂、NO₂、PM₁₀和PM_2.5浓度分别降低了74.1%、48.0%、66.6%和64.7%,O₃浓度上升了189.2%.与10月份的大气污染过程相比,同样在不利气象条件下,实施减排措施后PM_2.5浓度峰值明显降低,积累速度明显减缓.

• Abstract：During the APEC conference 2014, air quality in Beijing was analyzed to investigate the impact of regional-scale air pollutant control strategies on Beijing. Ground-observed meteorological data, visibility, regulated air pollutant concentrations, and chemical compositions of PM_2.5 were analyzed. Meteorological conditions were not conducive to the dispersal of air pollutants on 4 and 8-11 November. The average concentrations of SO₂, NO₂, O₃, PM₁₀, and PM_2.5 in five stations were (8.0±8.0), (37.4±21.6), (36.0±22.5), (67.7±43.4), and (48.6±42.2) μg·m^-3, respectively. Compared with the same period of the last five years (PM_2.5 since 2013), average concentrations of SO₂, NO₂, PM₁₀, and PM_2.5 decreased by 61.5%, 40.8%, 36.4%, and 47.1%, respectively, whereas the average concentration of O₃ increased by 101.8%. The impact of reduction measures on air pollutants was more significant during the period when meteorological conditions were conducive to the dispersal of air pollutants. Generally, PM_2.5 concentrations accumulated to a peak before midnight in autumn, and such a peak disappeared during the APEC period. Compared with the non-APEC period, concentrations of most of the chemical compositions of PM_2.5, particularly sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium, decreased significantly during the APEC period. The net effectiveness of the emission reduction measures was calculated through comparisons of concentrations of air pollutants under similar meteorological conditions. Through the implementation of emission reduction measures, concentrations of SO₂, NO₂, PM₁₀, and PM_2.5 decreased by 74.1%, 48.0%, 66.6%, and 64.7%, respectively, whereas the concentration of O₃ increased by 189.2%. Compared with the air pollution episodes in October, the concentration peak of PM_2.5 and the rate of accumulation of PM_2.5 decreased significantly under unfavorable meteorological conditions during the APEC period.

• Key words：APEC  reduction measures  air quality  PM_2.5  chemical compositions  O₃

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