研究报告
林静,张健,杨万勤,简毅.岷江下游五通桥段小型集水区大气降水中pH值对重金属含量的影响[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(4):1419-1427
岷江下游五通桥段小型集水区大气降水中pH值对重金属含量的影响
- Effect of pH on heavy metal concentrations in the precipitation of a small catchment at the downstream (Wutongqiao section) of Minjiang River
- 基金项目：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划(No.2011BAC09B05);四川省教育厅科技创新团队项目(No.11TD006);四川省应用基础项目(No.2012JY047);四川省科技支撑计划(No.12ZC0017)
- 作者
- 单位
- 林静
- 四川农业大学林业生态研究所, 温江 611130
- 张健
- 四川农业大学林业生态研究所, 温江 611130
- 杨万勤
- 四川农业大学林业生态研究所, 温江 611130
- 简毅
- 四川农业大学林业生态研究所, 温江 611130
- 摘要：为了解岷江下游大气降水中pH值及其重金属含量特征及污染状况,以五通桥段小型集水区为研究对象,分析了年降雨量、降水pH值和降水中的重金属含量季节变化,探讨了pH值与重金属之间的关系,并利用相关分析和聚类分析对大气降水中重金属来源进行了初步解析.结果表明:五通桥集水区年总降雨量为1199.42mm,pH平均值为5.37,年降雨中42.86%为酸雨,3.57%为重酸性雨,10.71%为碱雨,且夏、春季比秋、冬两季略高.重金属As、Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn平均含量分别为10.33、5.75、14.68、53.15、922.37μg·L-1,其中,As和Cu含量低于地表水环境质量Ⅲ类标准.5种重金属含量在冬季明显高于夏季,春季含量略高于秋季,与大气降水pH值存在显著的负相关关系,在pH为3.8左右时各重金属含量最高,其中,As和Cd在pH5.5左右、Cu和Pb在pH从5.5到6.0的过程中含量增加,达到次高值.5种重金属在降雨pH值大于7时含量最低.聚类分析结果表明,研究区大气中As、Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn主要来源于燃煤、汽车尾气、工业污染、矿石开采和钢铁生产.
- Abstract：A small catchment in Wutongqiao was selected as the target area to investigate pH and heavy metal concentrations in precipitation and their seasonal variations in the downstream of Minjiang River from November 2011 to October 2012. We also analyzed the relationship between pH and concentration of heavy metals, and estimated the sources of metals by correlation analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis. Our main results are as follows:1The annual precipitation was 1199.42 mm. Mean pH in precipitation was 5.37. Acid, heavy acid, and alkaline rain accounted for 42.86%, 3.57%, and 10.71% of total precipitation, respectively. The amount of precipitation was obviously higher in spring and summer, than that in fall and winter. 2The concentration of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn was 10.33, 5.75, 14.68, 53.15, 922.37 μg·L-1, respectively. The contents of both As and Cu were lower than that of the third "Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water" (GB 3838-2002). The concentrations of all metals were higher in winter than summer and slightly higher in spring than fall.3There was an extremely significant negative relationship between pH and heavy metal concentrations. The highest concentrations of all heavy metals when pH was 3.8, while As and Cd, Cu and Pb concentrations reached higher when pH was 5.5 and 5.5~6.0. When pH was above 7.0, concentration of all heavy metals decreased significantly.4Results through cluster analysis indicated that As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn were mainly derived from fuel coal, exhaust of auto, industrial pollution, coal mining, production of steel, etc.
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