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研究报告

Impacts of fireworks on the atmospheric pollutant distributions during Spring Festival in Jiaxing

基金项目：嘉兴市大气细颗粒物(PM_2.5)来源解析及控制技术研究(No.2014AY21012);江苏省大气环境监测与污染控制高技术研究重点实验室开放基金项目(No.KHK1408);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD)资助

沈利娟
1. 嘉兴市环境保护监测站, 嘉兴 314000;2. 南京信息工程大学环境科学与工程学院, 江苏省大气环境监测与污染控制高技术研究重点实验室, 南京 210044

摘要：为研究春节期间烟花爆竹的燃放对嘉兴市空气质量的影响,利用2015年春节期间嘉兴市3个监测站点的常规污染物(PM₁₀、PM_2.5、SO₂、NO₂、CO)和南湖区残联站的有机碳(OC)和元素碳(EC)数据,分析了烟花爆竹对嘉兴市不同功能区和不同空气质量条件下大气污染物的污染特征的影响.结果表明:春节烟花爆竹燃放显著影响PM₁₀和PM_2.5的浓度,残联站、清河小学和北部站在23日00:00达最高值,PM₁₀浓度分别为190、263和147μg·m^-3,是非春节期间的2.2、2.8和2.1倍,PM_2.5浓度分别高达156、158和78μg·m^-3,是非春节期间的2.6、2.2和2.2倍.烟花爆竹燃放对污染气体的影响存在差异,对CO和SO₂的浓度影响较大,对NO₂和O₃的浓度影响较小.烟花爆竹燃放对嘉兴市老城区大气污染物的影响最大,其次是新城区,对工业区影响最小.污染源减排对大气污染物的影响比较大,2013-2015年嘉兴市春节期间大气污染物浓度(PM₁₀、PM_2.5、SO₂、NO₂、CO)整体要低于非春节期间,平均降幅在6.8%~46.1%之间.二次生成物O₃在春节期间的浓度均要高于非春节期间,增幅为20.1%~22.1%.不同空气质量条件下烟花爆竹的燃放对大气污染物的影响不同.

Abstract：In order to investigate the impacts of fireworks on the air pollutants during Spring Festival in Jiaxing, monitoring data from February 18 to 24, 2015, including concentrations of PM₁₀, PM_2.5, SO₂, NO₂, CO, O₃, Qinghexiaoxue and Beibu stations and OC/EC from Canlian station, were analyzed to discuss the pollutant features in different functional aeras and different air quality conditons. Results show that firwork burning had significant influences on PM₁₀ and PM_2.5, with PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 concentrations at Canlian, Qinghexiaoxue, and Beibu stations up to 190, 263, 147 μg·m^-3 and 156, 158, 78 μg·m^-3 at 00:00 on Februray 23, respectively, 2.2, 2.8, 2.1 and 2.6, 2.2, 2.2 times higher than those on non-firework period. The burning of firework had relatively great impacts on CO and SO₂ while weak impacts on NO₂ and O₃. At different functional aeras, the influences of fireworks on pollutants ranked in the order of old town> new town> industrial area. According to the monitoring data from 2013 to 2015, pollution abatement had strong effects on air pollutants (PM₁₀, PM_2.5, SO₂, NO₂, and CO), with concentions during firework period 6.8%~46.1% smaller than those during non-firework period. However, the secondary species of O₃ increased by 20.1%~22.1%. The impacts of fireworks on air pollutants varied with different air quality conditons.