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研究报告

席劲瑛
1. 清华大学环境学院, 环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室, 北京 100084;2. 国家环境保护环境微生物利用与安全控制重点实验室, 北京 100084

摘要：公共场所室内空气中有害微生物引起的健康风险越来越受到人们的关注.本研究针对典型高校公共场所室内空气，考察了不同类型场所空气中总异养菌的浓度水平及其与颗粒物浓度、活动人数、温度、湿度等影响因素的相关性.结果表明，某高校体育场馆空气中总异养菌浓度显著高于教室、宿舍等场所，为13～154 CFU·m^-3.针对多个体育场馆的分析结果表明，活动人数对室内空气中微生物浓度影响最大，与总异养菌浓度呈线性正相关，回归分析得到的R²达0.92.室内空气中PM_2.5、PM₁₀及温度、湿度均与空气微生物浓度无显著相关关系.针对空气中抗生素抗性菌的研究表明，室内空气中具有氨苄青霉素、四环素和青霉素抗性的总异养菌比例为20%～50%，其中，可吸入异养菌中氨苄青霉素抗性菌比例可达40%.

Abstract：Assessing and controlling health risks caused by harmful microorganisms in the indoor air of public places are drawing more and more attentions. In this study, the bacteria concentration levels in the indoor air of different types of public rooms in a university were investigated. The correlation between the bacteria concentration and the particle concentrations (PM_2.5 and PM₁₀), number of persons in the room as well as air temperature and humidity were also analyzed. The results showed that the total heterotrophic bacteria concentrations in the indoor air of stadiums were relatively high, ranging from 13 to 154 CFU·m^-3. The number of persons in the stadium had a positive correlation with the bacteria concentration in the indoor air and the R² reached 0.92 by regression analysis. The indexes of PM_2.5, PM₁₀, air temperature and humidity showed little correlations with bacteria concentrations. The proportions of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) resisting to ampicillin, tetracycline or penicillin ranged from 20% to 50% in the total indoor air heterotrophs. Among inhalable indoor air bacteria, the proportion of ampicillin resistant bacteria reached 40%.