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研究报告

Characteristics and source apportionment of constant inorganic ions in precipitation in Weinan

基金项目：国家自然科学基金(No.41171061,41121001);冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室开放基金(No.SKLCS2010-09);陕西省自然科学基础研究重点项目(No.2015JZ008)

摘要：根据2011-2014年渭南市连续采集的117次降水样品中10种常量无机离子浓度(NH₄⁺、Ca²⁺、Na⁺、K⁺、Mg²⁺、SO₄^2-、NO₃^-、Cl^-、F^-、NO₂^-)的测试结果,运用趋势分析法和相关分析法分析了降水中常量无机离子的化学特征,并结合富集因子法及端源贡献法探究其来源.结果表明:研究时段内,渭南市降水中各离子浓度大小顺序为NH₄⁺ >SO₄^2- >Ca²⁺ >NO₃^- >Na⁺ >Mg²⁺>K⁺ >Cl^->F^- >NO₂^-,主要阴离子是SO₄^2-和NO₃^-,共占阴离子总量的92.35%,主要阳离子是Ca²⁺和NH₄⁺,共占阳离子总量的86.17%;降水总离子年平均当量浓度为814.58μeq·L^-1,表现出显著的季节差异,且呈现冬季>秋季>春季>夏季,分析原因主要受排放源、气象因素、植被、降水量等因素影响;SO₄^2-和NO₃^-90%以上由人为源贡献,Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺主要来源于地壳风化,Na⁺海盐源和非海盐源贡献约各占一半,K⁺98.47%来源于生物质燃烧或地表岩石矿物风化等非海盐源,F^-和NH₄⁺则几乎全部由人为源贡献.

Abstract：A total of 117 precipitation samples were collected for a period of 2011-2014 in Weinan city in order to investigate characteristics of ten major inorganic ions(NH₄⁺、Ca²⁺、Na⁺、K⁺、Mg²⁺、SO₄^2-、NO₃^-、Cl^-、F^- and NO₂^-). By using trend and correlation analysis methods in combination with source apportionment and enrichment factor, sources of major ions were analyzed. Major ion concentrations in precipitation ranked as NH₄⁺ >SO₄^2->Ca²⁺ >NO₃^- >Na⁺ >Mg²⁺>K⁺ >Cl^->F^- >NO₂^-. SO₄^2- and NO₃^- were the main anions, accounting for 92.35% of total anion concentration; Ca²⁺and NH₄⁺ were the major cations, accounting for 86.17% of total cation concentration. Total ionic concentration of precipitation was 814.58 μeq·L^-1 with a significant seasonal difference of lower in spring and summer and higher in autumn and winter. 90% of SO₄^2- and NO₃^- were originated from anthropogenic contribution. The concentrations of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ were mainly from the crust sources, sea salt contributed about a half of Na⁺,K⁺ was mainly from biomass combustion or rock weathering, and almost all of F^- and NH₄⁺ came from anthropogenic sources.