• 关键词：酸性矿山废水  嗜酸微生物  群落结构  多样性

• 基金项目：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金（No.2652015114）；北京高等学校青年英才计划项目（No.YETP0658）

• 裴理鑫
• 中国地质大学(北京), 水资源与环境学院, 北京 100083

• 鲁青原
• 中国地质大学(北京), 水资源与环境学院, 北京 100083

• 郝春博
• 中国地质大学(北京), 水资源与环境学院, 北京 100083

• 杜泽瑞
• 中国地质大学(北京), 水资源与环境学院, 北京 100083

• 鲁艳春
• 中国地质大学(北京), 水资源与环境学院, 北京 100083

• 张帆
• 中国市政工程东北设计研究总院有限公司, 长春 130021

• 摘要：分别采集了夏秋两季安徽某铁矿的酸性矿山废水样品，分析其物理化学参数，并利用分子生物学方法研究了该酸性矿山废水中微生物群落结构随时间和空间的变化规律.结果表明：该矿山废水酸性极强，夏季所采样品pH在2.80左右，且阴阳离子含量很高，Al³⁺为1108 ~1138 mg ·L^-1，SO₄^2-则高达19.80 ~23.79 μg ·L^-1.秋季样品pH没有明显变化，但由于两次采样期间的大量降水，样品中各离子含量明显低于夏季.值得注意的是，该极端酸性的矿山废水中叶绿素a含量较高，夏季达63.8~94.2 μg ·L^-1.无论是在夏季还是秋季，Alphaproteobacteria在绝大多数位点的细菌群落中占据着优势地位。化能异养菌Acidiphilium是最主要的细菌菌属，它在夏季和秋季各位点群落中所占比例都达20%左右，这应该与其丰富的代谢方式有关.对于真核微生物群落，夏季主要为尖毛虫和小球藻，秋季主要为棕鞭藻和小球藻。小球藻是该酸性生态系统主要的生产者，尖毛虫和棕鞭藻则扮演着顶级消费者的角色.该酸性废水应处于酸水形成末期，所以细菌群落中化能异养菌占据着优势地位，化能自养菌比例较少.由于温度等理化性质的不同，微生物群落结构随时间和空间发生了一定变化，其中以真核微生物群落结构变化最为显著。

• Abstract：Acid mine drainage (AMD) samples were collected from an iron mine in summer and autumn in Anhui Province. The major physicochemical parameters were analyzed, and the shifts of microbial community structure in the AMD from summer to autumn were studied by means of the molecular biology techniques. Results showed that pH kept around 2.80 in both summer and autumn. The AMD samples contained high concentrations of ions, such as Al³⁺ between 1108 and 1138 mg·L^-1 and SO₄^2- between 19.80 and 23.79 g· L^-1, which were lower in autumn than those in summer because of the rainfall. Interestingly, concentration of chlorophyll a was between 63.8 and 94.2 μg· L^-1 in summer and decreased to 16.6 to 32.7 μg· L^-1 in autumn. Alphaproteobacteria dominated bacteria population in almost all samples. Additionally, Acidiphilium was the most abundant genus with the percentage as high as about 20% in all samples, which may be related to its diversely metabolic ability in oligotrophic AMD environment. For the eukaryotic microbial community, Oxytricha and Chlorella were the main eukaryotic microbes in summer, while Ochromonas and Chlorella were dominant in winter. Chlorella was the main producer, while Oxytricha and Ochromonas acted as the top customer in the acid ecosystem. Since the AMD was in the late stage of the acidification process of sulfide minerals, the heterotrophic acidophiles dominated the bacterial community, while the proportion of chemoautotrophic bacteria was very low. Because of spatial and temporal variations in physiochemical parameters, microbial community structure of the AMD shifted markedly, especially the eukaryotic microbial community.

• Key words：acid mine drainage  acidophiles  community structure  diversity

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