• 关键词：全氟辛酸  白介素  斑马鱼  脾脏  生物标志物

• 基金项目：浙江省大学生科技创新活动计划暨新苗人才计划（No.2014R421025）；杭州师范大学卓越人才计划项目；杭州市131人才项目；国家留学基金资助项目（No.201208330300）

• 马佳乐
• 杭州师范大学生命与环境科学学院, 杭州 310036

• 侯萍
• 杭州师范大学生命与环境科学学院, 杭州 310036

• 王思瑶
• 杭州师范大学生命与环境科学学院, 杭州 310036

• 谢宁宁
• 杭州师范大学生命与环境科学学院, 杭州 310036

• 沈旭丹
• 杭州师范大学生命与环境科学学院, 杭州 310036

• 林康
• 杭州师范大学生命与环境科学学院, 杭州 310036

• 吴聪慧
• 杭州师范大学生命与环境科学学院, 杭州 310036

• 陆香君
• 杭州师范大学生命与环境科学学院, 杭州 310036

• 张杭君
• 1. 杭州师范大学生命与环境科学学院, 杭州 310036;2. 生态系统保护与恢复杭州市重点实验室, 杭州师范大学, 杭州 310036

• 摘要：全氟辛酸（PFOA）是新型持久性有机污染物，在水生生态系统多介质环境中广泛分布，其对水生生物的致毒机理备受关注。本文应用透射电镜和实时荧光定量PCR技术，研究了PFOA（0.05、0.1、0.5和1 mg·L^-1）在7 d和14 d两个不同暴露时间段对斑马鱼脾脏的损伤效应及对白介素指标IL-1β、IL-4和IL-21表达的影响。结果表明，PFOA能够明显导致斑马鱼脾脏损伤，脾脏细胞呈现细胞膜皱缩和空泡化等特征。PFOA能够明显干扰斑马鱼脾脏白介素的表达。对于7 d暴露组，IL-1β和IL-4在mRNA水平的相对表达量随着暴露剂量的增加呈现出明显的先上升后下降的趋势；而IL-21的相对表达量随着暴露剂量的增加不断上升。对于14 d暴露组，IL-1β和IL-21在mRNA水平的相对表达量随着暴露剂量的增加呈现出明显的先上升后下降的趋势；而IL-4的相对表达量随着暴露剂量的增加不断上升。线性相关性分析表明，当暴露时间为7 d时，IL-1β表达量与IL-4表达量的相关系数为0.53；当暴露时间为14 d时，IL-1β表达量与IL-21表达量的相关系数为0.50，这说明PFOA诱导不同时间段后，斑马鱼脾脏IL-1β的表达量分别受IL-4和IL-21表达的影响。综上，本研究证实全氟辛酸能够通过诱导白介素表达的紊乱而导致斑马鱼免疫系统损伤，存在明显的剂量-效应特征。白介素IL-1β、IL-4和IL-21可以作为监测PFOA对水生生物健康风险评价研究的重要生物标志物。

• Abstract：Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) is a new kind of persistent organic pollutants extensively distributed in the aquatic ecosystem. The toxic mechanisms of PFOA on aquatic organisms were drawing great attention. In this study, transmission electron microscope and quantitative PCR methods were used to study the damage effects of PFOA on zebrafish spleen and the expressions of interleukin indicators such as IL-1β, IL-4 and IL-21. PFOA can significantly result in the cell shrinking and vacuolization of cells in zebrafish spleen tissue. Furthermore, PFOA can significantly disturb the expressions of interleukins. For the groups induced by PFOA for 7 days, the relative expression times of IL-1β and IL-4 increased in the first stage and then decreased with the increase of PFOA exposure concentrations. In comparison, the relative expression times of IL-21 increased with the increase of PFOA exposure concentrations. For the groups induced by PFOA for 14 days, the relative expression times of IL-1β and IL-21 increased in the first stage and then decreased with the increasing of PFOA exposure concentrations, while the relative expression times of IL-4 increased with the increasing of PFOA exposure concentrations. The relative coefficient between IL-1β and IL-4 for the groups induced by PFOA for 7 days was 0.53 and between IL-1β and IL-21 for the groups induced by PFOA for 14 days was 0.50. These results showed that under the exposure of PFOA the expressions of IL-1β in the spleen of zebrafish were affected by the expressions of IL-4 and IL-21. It was clearly demonstrated that PFOA can damage zebrafish spleen and induce interleukins expressions disorder in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, IL-1β, IL-4 and IL-21 can be acted as important biomarkers for the health risk evaluation on aquatic organisms induced by PFOA.

• Key words：PFOA  interleukins  zebrafish  spleen  biomarker

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