研究报告
崔井龙,张志红,夏娜,平飞飞,耿红.太原市某城区四季大气PM2.5中重金属污染特征分析[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(5):1566-1572
太原市某城区四季大气PM2.5中重金属污染特征分析
- Pollution characteristics of heavy metals in PM2.5 during four seasons in Taiyuan City
- 基金项目：教育部留学回国人员科研启动基金(No.20131792);山西省回国留学人员科研资助项目(No.2013057);山西省高校优秀青年学术带头人支持项目(No.200906)
- 作者
- 单位
- 崔井龙
- 山西医科大学公共卫生学院环境卫生学教研室, 太原 030001
- 张志红
- 山西医科大学公共卫生学院环境卫生学教研室, 太原 030001
- 夏娜
- 山西医科大学公共卫生学院环境卫生学教研室, 太原 030001
- 平飞飞
- 山西医科大学公共卫生学院环境卫生学教研室, 太原 030001
- 耿红
- 山西大学环境与资源学院, 太原 030006
- 摘要：为了研究太原市大气PM2.5中重金属污染的季节变化特征,于2012年12月至2013年9月4个季度典型时段在太原市迎泽区采集环境大气PM2.5样品,采用连续提取法和电热板消解法分析了样品中5种重金属元素的化学形态和总浓度,并对重金属的生物有效性进行了评价.结果表明,1太原市迎泽区大气中PM2.5日均质量浓度高达122.08~211.81μg·m-3,其四季日均浓度呈现为:冬季 >春季 >夏季 >秋季.2大气PM2.5中重金属浓度在4个季节呈现一定的季节变化,其中Cu和Ni的季节变化不明显,Cr在夏、秋季浓度较高,Pb、Cd的浓度在冬季最高.3PM2.5中不同重金属化学形态分布不同,除Cu外,其他4种重金属在不同季节的各化学形态含量基本相同,超过75%的Pb和Cd的分布在可溶态与可交换态、碳酸盐态、可氧化态与可还原态;Ni和Cr主要以有机质、氧化物与硫化物结合态和残渣态为主;Cu在春、夏、秋季主要分布在有机质、氧化物与硫化物结合态和残渣态两种形态中,在冬季主要在可氧化态与可还原态和有机质、氧化物与硫化物结合态两种形态中.4PM2.5中5种重金属的生物有效性大小顺序为Cd >Pb >Cu >Ni >Cr;Cd和Pb为生物可利用性元素,Cu、Ni和Cr为潜在生物可利用性元素.
- Abstract：To investigate the seasonal variations of heavy metals in PM2.5 in Taiyuan, PM2.5 samples were collected at Yingze District in typical periods of four seasons from December 2012 to September 2013. Total concentration and chemical speciation of five heavy metals in PM2.5 were analyzed by electric heating board digestion method and sequential extraction procedure, respectively. The bioavailability of these metals was also evaluated. The results showed that:1 The average daily mass concentration of PM2.5 in Taiyuan ranged from 122.08 to 211.81 μg·m-3, and the PM2.5 average daily concentration of four seasons appeared in the following order:winter> spring> summer> autumn. 2 The concentrations of five heavy metals in PM2.5 showed seasonal variations. The concentrations of Cr in summer and autumn were higher than that in spring and autumn, while the concentrations of Pb and Cd in winter were the highest. The variations of the concentrations of Cu and Ni during four seasons were not significant. 3 There were differences between different chemical fraction distributions of five heavy metals in PM2.5. All heavy metals except Cu showed same concentration in various chemical fractions in all seasons. More than 75% of Pb and Cd were mainly distributed in the soluble and exchangeable fraction and carbonate, oxide and reducible fraction, while Ni and Cr were predominantly in the form of organic matter, oxidisable and sulphidic fraction as well as residual fraction. Organic matter, oxidisable, and sulphidic fraction as well as residual fraction of Cu was found to be the highest among spring, summer, and autumn, while carbonate, oxide, and reducible fraction as well as organic matter, oxidisable, and sulphidic fraction of Cu in winter was higher than other chemical fractions. 4 The bioavailability of five heavy metals decreased in the following order:Cd >Pb >Cu >Ni >Cr. This indicated that both Cd and Pb were classified as the bioavailable elements, and Cu, Ni, and Cr were potential bioavailable elements.
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